Indonesia vs Turkey: Electricity Compared

Indonesia generated 372 TWh of electricity in 2024 and Turkey 341 TWh, according to Ember. Coal was the largest source in both, at 61.5% in Indonesia and 35.6% in Turkey. Each kWh generated emitted 681 gCO2/kWh in Indonesia and 471 gCO2/kWh in Turkey. These are Ember annual statistics for 2024, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Ember's latest annual figures for Indonesia are for 2024, while Turkey has figures to 2025, so this comparison uses 2024 for both.

Why this comparison: both among the 20 largest electricity users and similar electricity demand on the same continent.

Key Facts

Coal supplied 61.5% of Indonesia's electricity in 2024, against 35.6% in Turkey.
The average person in Turkey used 3.89 MWh of electricity in 2024, 3.0 times as much as in Indonesia (1.31 MWh).
Low carbon sources supplied 18.1% of Indonesia's electricity in 2024 and 45.6% of Turkey's.
Electricity demand in 2024 was 373 TWh in Indonesia and 340 TWh in Turkey.

Key Figures, 2024

Ember annual statistics

Measure	Indonesia	Turkey
Total generation	372 TWh	341 TWh
Electricity demand	373 TWh	340 TWh
Demand per person	1.31 MWh	3.89 MWh
Carbon intensity	681 gCO2/kWh	471 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions	253 MtCO2	161 MtCO2
Low carbon share	18.1%	45.6%
Largest source	Coal 61.5%	Coal 35.6%

Generation Mix, 2024

Share of generation

Source	Indonesia	Turkey
Coal	61.5%	35.6%
Hydro	7.3%	21.9%
Gas	18.5%	18.6%
Wind	0.1%	10.7%
Solar	0.4%	7.5%
Bioenergy	5.7%	2.5%
Other renewables	4.5%	3.0%
Other fossil	1.9%	0.3%

Carbon Intensity, 1990 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Indonesia and Turkey each year from 1990 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2024 it was 681 gCO2/kWh in Indonesia and 471 gCO2/kWh in Turkey.

Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity in Indonesia and Turkey, 1990 to 2025
Year	Indonesia	Turkey
1990	n/a	526 gCO2/kWh
1991	n/a	539 gCO2/kWh
1992	n/a	539 gCO2/kWh
1993	n/a	481 gCO2/kWh
1994	n/a	537 gCO2/kWh
1995	n/a	505 gCO2/kWh
1996	n/a	496 gCO2/kWh
1997	n/a	519 gCO2/kWh
1998	n/a	519 gCO2/kWh
1999	n/a	557 gCO2/kWh
2000	631 gCO2/kWh	574 gCO2/kWh
2001	626 gCO2/kWh	605 gCO2/kWh
2002	643 gCO2/kWh	536 gCO2/kWh
2003	656 gCO2/kWh	525 gCO2/kWh
2004	654 gCO2/kWh	494 gCO2/kWh
2005	651 gCO2/kWh	544 gCO2/kWh
2006	668 gCO2/kWh	538 gCO2/kWh
2007	663 gCO2/kWh	578 gCO2/kWh
2008	653 gCO2/kWh	593 gCO2/kWh
2009	661 gCO2/kWh	577 gCO2/kWh
2010	637 gCO2/kWh	525 gCO2/kWh
2011	667 gCO2/kWh	541 gCO2/kWh
2012	687 gCO2/kWh	528 gCO2/kWh
2013	682 gCO2/kWh	510 gCO2/kWh
2014	692 gCO2/kWh	567 gCO2/kWh
2015	697 gCO2/kWh	505 gCO2/kWh
2016	689 gCO2/kWh	523 gCO2/kWh
2017	689 gCO2/kWh	535 gCO2/kWh
2018	684 gCO2/kWh	543 gCO2/kWh
2019	694 gCO2/kWh	490 gCO2/kWh
2020	685 gCO2/kWh	484 gCO2/kWh
2021	685 gCO2/kWh	502 gCO2/kWh
2022	676 gCO2/kWh	489 gCO2/kWh
2023	681 gCO2/kWh	495 gCO2/kWh
2024	681 gCO2/kWh	471 gCO2/kWh
2025	n/a	476 gCO2/kWh

Demand per Person, 1990 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Electricity demand per person in Indonesia and Turkey each year from 1990 to 2025, in MWh. In 2024 it was 1.31 MWh in Indonesia and 3.89 MWh in Turkey.

Annual statistics through 2025, MWh

Electricity demand per person in Indonesia and Turkey, 1990 to 2025
Year	Indonesia	Turkey
1990	n/a	n/a
1991	n/a	n/a
1992	n/a	n/a
1993	n/a	n/a
1994	n/a	n/a
1995	n/a	n/a
1996	n/a	n/a
1997	n/a	n/a
1998	n/a	n/a
1999	n/a	n/a
2000	0.45 MWh	1.95 MWh
2001	0.49 MWh	1.91 MWh
2002	0.51 MWh	1.96 MWh
2003	0.52 MWh	2.07 MWh
2004	0.55 MWh	2.17 MWh
2005	0.58 MWh	2.32 MWh
2006	0.59 MWh	2.49 MWh
2007	0.63 MWh	2.69 MWh
2008	0.65 MWh	2.77 MWh
2009	0.67 MWh	2.68 MWh
2010	0.72 MWh	2.87 MWh
2011	0.77 MWh	3.10 MWh
2012	0.83 MWh	3.22 MWh
2013	0.88 MWh	3.22 MWh
2014	0.92 MWh	3.30 MWh
2015	0.93 MWh	3.32 MWh
2016	0.98 MWh	3.42 MWh
2017	1.00 MWh	3.57 MWh
2018	1.06 MWh	3.55 MWh
2019	1.09 MWh	3.51 MWh
2020	1.07 MWh	3.50 MWh
2021	1.12 MWh	3.76 MWh
2022	1.20 MWh	3.71 MWh
2023	1.25 MWh	3.71 MWh
2024	1.31 MWh	3.89 MWh
2025	n/a	4.01 MWh

Indonesia history · Turkey history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2024.

Indonesia vs Turkey: Electricity Compared

Key Facts

Key Figures, 2024

Generation Mix, 2024

Carbon Intensity, 1990 to 2025

Demand per Person, 1990 to 2025

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