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India Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions

India generated 2,080 TWh of electricity in 2025, according to Ember. Coal was the largest source at 70.9%, followed by solar (9.4%) and hydro (8.6%). Demand was 2,081 TWh and each kWh generated emitted 671 gCO2/kWh. These are annual statistics for 2025, with monthly figures through September 2026; they are compiled from national sources and are not real time.

Key Facts

  • India generated 2,080 TWh of electricity in 2025.
  • Coal supplied 70.9% of India's electricity in 2025.
  • Solar supplied 9.4% of India's electricity in 2025.
  • Hydro supplied 8.6% of India's electricity in 2025.
  • Low carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) supplied 26.6% of India's generation in 2025.
  • The carbon intensity of India's electricity was 671 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
  • India's carbon intensity in 2025 was 6% higher than in 1985, when it was 635 gCO2/kWh.
  • India had the 3rd highest electricity demand among the 96 countries with Ember data for 2025.

Key Figures, 2025

MeasureValueAs of / source
Total generation2,080 TWh2025 · Ember
Electricity demand2,081 TWh2025 · Ember
Demand per person1.42 MWh2025 · Ember
Net imports1.22 TWh2025 · Ember
Carbon intensity671 gCO2/kWh2025 · Ember
Power sector emissions1,396 MtCO22025 · Ember
Demand rank (countries with 2025 data)3 of 962025 · Ember

Generation Mix, 2025

SourceGenerationShare
Coal 1,474 TWh 70.9%
Solar 195 TWh 9.4%
Hydro 178 TWh 8.6%
Wind 104 TWh 5.0%
Nuclear 53.8 TWh 2.6%
Gas 48.5 TWh 2.3%
Bioenergy 23.0 TWh 1.1%
Other fossil 4.10 TWh 0.2%
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Year by Year

Ember annual statistics, 1985 to 2025
India electricity generation by source, 1985 to 2025 India's electricity generation by main source from 1985 to 2025, in TWh. In 2025 the largest sources were coal at 1,474 TWh, solar at 195 TWh, hydro at 178 TWh, wind at 104 TWh, nuclear at 53.8 TWh. 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 198519901995200020052010201520202025
India's electricity generation by main source from 1985 to 2025, in TWh. In 2025 the largest sources were coal at 1,474 TWh, solar at 195 TWh, hydro at 178 TWh, wind at 104 TWh, nuclear at 53.8 TWh.
Annual statistics through 2025, TWh
India electricity generation by source, 1985 to 2025
YearCoalSolarHydroWindNuclear
1985116 TWh0 TWh51.8 TWh0 TWh4.51 TWh
1986130 TWh0 TWh52.6 TWh0 TWh5.02 TWh
1987153 TWh0 TWh49.0 TWh0 TWh5.32 TWh
1988165 TWh0 TWh54.6 TWh0 TWh6.08 TWh
1989185 TWh0 TWh63.4 TWh0 TWh4.02 TWh
1990192 TWh0 TWh66.4 TWh30.0 GWh6.39 TWh
1991214 TWh0 TWh73.9 TWh110 GWh5.41 TWh
1992229 TWh0 TWh70.1 TWh90.0 GWh6.40 TWh
1993253 TWh0 TWh70.7 TWh90.0 GWh6.23 TWh
1994265 TWh0 TWh80.2 TWh190 GWh4.95 TWh
1995296 TWh0 TWh75.9 TWh500 GWh7.61 TWh
1996312 TWh10.0 GWh69.1 TWh880 GWh8.40 TWh
1997326 TWh10.0 GWh70.2 TWh990 GWh10.1 TWh
1998336 TWh10.0 GWh83.6 TWh1.08 TWh11.4 TWh
1999365 TWh10.0 GWh82.3 TWh1.45 TWh12.7 TWh
2000390 TWh10.0 GWh77.0 TWh1.58 TWh15.8 TWh
2001408 TWh10.0 GWh72.0 TWh2.09 TWh18.9 TWh
2002427 TWh10.0 GWh68.5 TWh2.09 TWh19.4 TWh
2003441 TWh20.0 GWh69.3 TWh2.60 TWh18.1 TWh
2004463 TWh20.0 GWh101 TWh5.23 TWh21.3 TWh
2005478 TWh20.0 GWh97.4 TWh5.99 TWh17.7 TWh
2006505 TWh10.0 GWh113 TWh9.34 TWh17.6 TWh
2007533 TWh60.0 GWh123 TWh11.7 TWh17.8 TWh
2008573 TWh60.0 GWh115 TWh14.4 TWh15.2 TWh
2009611 TWh80.0 GWh106 TWh16.3 TWh16.8 TWh
2010643 TWh110 GWh109 TWh19.5 TWh23.1 TWh
2011701 TWh830 GWh132 TWh24.0 TWh32.2 TWh
2012787 TWh2.10 TWh116 TWh27.4 TWh33.1 TWh
2013848 TWh3.43 TWh132 TWh30.0 TWh33.3 TWh
2014950 TWh4.91 TWh139 TWh33.5 TWh34.7 TWh
20151,007 TWh7.09 TWh133 TWh32.7 TWh38.3 TWh
20161,074 TWh12.2 TWh129 TWh43.5 TWh37.9 TWh
20171,115 TWh22.4 TWh136 TWh52.6 TWh37.4 TWh
20181,199 TWh37.5 TWh140 TWh60.3 TWh39.1 TWh
20191,199 TWh37.5 TWh162 TWh63.3 TWh45.2 TWh
20201,144 TWh51.6 TWh164 TWh60.4 TWh44.6 TWh
20211,256 TWh64.3 TWh161 TWh68.1 TWh43.9 TWh
20221,344 TWh94.6 TWh175 TWh70.1 TWh46.2 TWh
20231,445 TWh114 TWh149 TWh82.1 TWh48.2 TWh
20241,518 TWh142 TWh157 TWh81.5 TWh54.7 TWh
20251,474 TWh195 TWh178 TWh104 TWh53.8 TWh
YearGenerationDemandCarbon intensity
2025 2,080 TWh 2,081 TWh 671 gCO2/kWh
2024 2,035 TWh 2,033 TWh 707 gCO2/kWh
2023 1,917 TWh 1,915 TWh 714 gCO2/kWh
2022 1,803 TWh 1,802 TWh 707 gCO2/kWh
2021 1,677 TWh 1,677 TWh 716 gCO2/kWh
2020 1,562 TWh 1,562 TWh 710 gCO2/kWh
2019 1,601 TWh 1,598 TWh 723 gCO2/kWh
2018 1,572 TWh 1,568 TWh 738 gCO2/kWh
2017 1,462 TWh 1,461 TWh 743 gCO2/kWh
2016 1,395 TWh 1,394 TWh 752 gCO2/kWh

Full year by year history for India, 1985 to 2025

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

Month by Month

Ember monthly statistics through September 2026
India monthly electricity demand and generation, October 2024 to September 2026 India's electricity demand in September 2026 was 178 TWh, and generation from the sources Ember reports was 177 TWh. Carbon intensity that month was 611 gCO2/kWh. 0 50 100 150 200 2024-102025-042025-102026-04
India's electricity demand in September 2026 was 178 TWh, and generation from the sources Ember reports was 177 TWh. Carbon intensity that month was 611 gCO2/kWh.
Monthly statistics through September 2026, TWh
India monthly electricity demand and generation, October 2024 to September 2026
MonthDemandGeneration
2024-10153 TWh153 TWh
2024-11135 TWh136 TWh
2024-12142 TWh143 TWh
2025-01148 TWh150 TWh
2025-02142 TWh144 TWh
2025-03161 TWh163 TWh
2025-04159 TWh161 TWh
2025-05161 TWh163 TWh
2025-06163 TWh163 TWh
2025-07169 TWh169 TWh
2025-08164 TWh164 TWh
2025-09159 TWh159 TWh
2025-10145 TWh145 TWh
2025-11136 TWh136 TWh
2025-12153 TWh154 TWh
2026-01158 TWh159 TWh
2026-02147 TWh149 TWh
2026-03164 TWh166 TWh
2026-04168 TWh170 TWh
2026-05180 TWh181 TWh
2026-06182 TWh183 TWh
2026-07185 TWh185 TWh
2026-08185 TWh184 TWh
2026-09178 TWh177 TWh

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of September 2026.

Seasonal Patterns in India

Ember monthly statistics, complete years only, through September 2026

Electricity demand by month

Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2019 to 2025, demand is highest in June and lowest in November, and the busiest month uses 17% more electricity per day than the quietest.

India's electricity demand for each month, in TWh, 2019 to 2025. Colour shows demand per day, so short months are not shaded as quiet.
Year JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2025 148 142 161 159 161 163 169 164 159 145 136 153
2024 143 136 150 155 168 163 161 156 152 153 135 142
2023 136 127 137 140 147 150 149 160 150 150 129 133
2022 121 117 139 142 146 144 138 140 137 124 122 131
2021 120 112 131 127 118 123 135 138 123 123 108 119
2020 113 112 107 91.6 110 114 121 118 121 118 106 115
2019 110 100 116 118 129 126 124 120 115 106 102 110
  • Lower demand per day
  • Higher demand per day
  • No data
  • Each cell shows the month's total demand in TWh, and colour compares demand per day so short months are not shaded as quiet. Lowest cell 91.6 TWh, highest 169 TWh. Colours are relative to India alone.

Low carbon share of generation by month

Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2019 to 2025, the low carbon share is highest in August (33%) and lowest in January (21%), a gap of 12.2 points.

Share of India's electricity generation from nuclear and renewable sources for each month, in percent, 2019 to 2025.
Year JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2025 24% 23% 25% 26% 30% 33% 37% 36% 36% 32% 28% 26%
2024 19% 21% 22% 21% 24% 26% 31% 33% 32% 25% 23% 24%
2023 22% 22% 22% 21% 25% 28% 31% 31% 28% 22% 20% 21%
2022 21% 21% 23% 22% 26% 27% 32% 33% 32% 29% 23% 22%
2021 19% 19% 19% 19% 26% 31% 31% 30% 30% 26% 24% 22%
2020 20% 21% 23% 27% 29% 31% 29% 33% 29% 24% 22% 21%
2019 18% 19% 19% 21% 24% 26% 29% 33% 31% 25% 22% 21%
  • Lower low carbon share
  • Higher low carbon share
  • No data
  • Each cell shows the low carbon share. Lowest cell 18%, highest 37%. Colours are relative to India alone.

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of September 2026. Complete calendar years only.

Countries With a Similar Electricity Mix

Ember annual, 2025

India's closest match is South Africa, 87.3% the same.

  1. South Africa 87.3% the same South Africa generates 10.5 points more coal than India
  2. China 83.9% the same China generates 16.1 points less coal than India
  3. Serbia 82.5% the same Serbia generates 13.6 points more hydro than India
  4. Kosovo 80.2% the same Kosovo generates 18.4 points more coal than India
  5. Indonesia 80.1% the same Indonesia generates 9.3 points more gas than India

How close: the share of generation that would have to change fuel for one mix to match the other (half the sum of the fuel share differences); 100% minus that is "the same". Grids under 1 TWh are skipped. Grid twins: the 25 closest pairs and every country's nearest match

Notable Grid Failures Affecting India

History, not live data
The July 2012 India Blackouts 30 July 2012. Northern, Eastern and Northeastern India.

India Electricity FAQ

What is the main source of electricity in India?

Coal was the largest source of electricity in India in 2025, supplying 70.9% of generation, followed by solar (9.4%) and hydro (8.6%). Figures are Ember annual statistics.

How much electricity does India use?

India used 2,081 TWh of electricity in 2025, about 1.42 MWh per person.

How clean is India's electricity?

Generating a kilowatt hour of electricity in India emitted 671 gCO2/kWh in 2025, and low carbon sources supplied 26.6% of generation. That is 46% above the world average of 460 gCO2/kWh.

Does India import electricity?

Yes. India imported 1.22 TWh more electricity than it exported in 2025.

When does India use the most electricity?

Averaged over 2019 to 2025, India's electricity demand is highest in June and lowest in November. The busiest month uses 17% more electricity per day than the quietest (Ember monthly data).

Cite this page
APA 7

World Power Monitor. (2026). India Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/india/

Plain text

World Power Monitor. India Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. Data as of 2026-09. Data from Ember. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/india/

BibTeX 
@misc{wpm_countries_india_2026,
  title = {{India Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions}},
  author = {{World Power Monitor}},
  year = {2026},
  note = {Data as of 2026-09. Data from Ember.},
  url = {https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/india/}
}

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