India Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions
India generated 2,084 TWh of electricity in 2025, according to Ember. Coal was the largest source at 70.9%, followed by solar (9.3%) and hydro (8.5%). Demand was 2,086 TWh and each kWh generated emitted 671 gCO2/kWh. These are annual statistics for 2025, with monthly figures through July 2026; they are compiled from national sources and are not real time.
Key Facts
- India generated 2,084 TWh of electricity in 2025.
- Coal supplied 70.9% of India's electricity in 2025.
- Solar supplied 9.3% of India's electricity in 2025.
- Hydro supplied 8.5% of India's electricity in 2025.
- Low carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) supplied 26.5% of India's generation in 2025.
- The carbon intensity of India's electricity was 671 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
- India's carbon intensity in 2025 was 6% higher than in 1985, when it was 635 gCO2/kWh.
- India had the 3rd highest electricity demand among the 93 countries with Ember data for 2025.
Key Figures, 2025
| Measure | Value | As of / source |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 2,084 TWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Electricity demand | 2,086 TWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Demand per person | 1.42 MWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Net imports | 1.22 TWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Carbon intensity | 671 gCO2/kWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Power sector emissions | 1,399 MtCO2 | 2025 · Ember |
| Demand rank (countries with 2025 data) | 3 of 93 | 2025 · Ember |
Generation Mix, 2025
Year by Year
Ember annual statistics, 1985 to 2025Annual statistics through 2025, TWh
| Year | Coal | Solar | Hydro | Wind | Nuclear |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | 116 TWh | 0 TWh | 51.8 TWh | 0 TWh | 4.51 TWh |
| 1986 | 130 TWh | 0 TWh | 52.6 TWh | 0 TWh | 5.02 TWh |
| 1987 | 153 TWh | 0 TWh | 49.0 TWh | 0 TWh | 5.32 TWh |
| 1988 | 165 TWh | 0 TWh | 54.6 TWh | 0 TWh | 6.08 TWh |
| 1989 | 185 TWh | 0 TWh | 63.4 TWh | 0 TWh | 4.02 TWh |
| 1990 | 192 TWh | 0 TWh | 66.4 TWh | 30.0 GWh | 6.39 TWh |
| 1991 | 214 TWh | 0 TWh | 73.9 TWh | 110 GWh | 5.41 TWh |
| 1992 | 229 TWh | 0 TWh | 70.1 TWh | 90.0 GWh | 6.40 TWh |
| 1993 | 253 TWh | 0 TWh | 70.7 TWh | 90.0 GWh | 6.23 TWh |
| 1994 | 265 TWh | 0 TWh | 80.2 TWh | 190 GWh | 4.95 TWh |
| 1995 | 296 TWh | 0 TWh | 75.9 TWh | 500 GWh | 7.61 TWh |
| 1996 | 312 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 69.1 TWh | 880 GWh | 8.40 TWh |
| 1997 | 326 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 70.2 TWh | 990 GWh | 10.1 TWh |
| 1998 | 336 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 83.6 TWh | 1.08 TWh | 11.4 TWh |
| 1999 | 365 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 82.3 TWh | 1.45 TWh | 12.7 TWh |
| 2000 | 390 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 77.0 TWh | 1.58 TWh | 15.8 TWh |
| 2001 | 408 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 72.0 TWh | 2.09 TWh | 18.9 TWh |
| 2002 | 427 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 68.5 TWh | 2.09 TWh | 19.4 TWh |
| 2003 | 441 TWh | 20.0 GWh | 69.3 TWh | 2.60 TWh | 18.1 TWh |
| 2004 | 463 TWh | 20.0 GWh | 101 TWh | 5.23 TWh | 21.3 TWh |
| 2005 | 478 TWh | 20.0 GWh | 97.4 TWh | 5.99 TWh | 17.7 TWh |
| 2006 | 505 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 113 TWh | 9.34 TWh | 17.6 TWh |
| 2007 | 533 TWh | 60.0 GWh | 123 TWh | 11.7 TWh | 17.8 TWh |
| 2008 | 573 TWh | 60.0 GWh | 115 TWh | 14.4 TWh | 15.2 TWh |
| 2009 | 611 TWh | 80.0 GWh | 106 TWh | 16.3 TWh | 16.8 TWh |
| 2010 | 643 TWh | 110 GWh | 109 TWh | 19.5 TWh | 23.1 TWh |
| 2011 | 701 TWh | 830 GWh | 132 TWh | 24.0 TWh | 32.2 TWh |
| 2012 | 787 TWh | 2.10 TWh | 116 TWh | 27.4 TWh | 33.1 TWh |
| 2013 | 848 TWh | 3.43 TWh | 132 TWh | 30.0 TWh | 33.3 TWh |
| 2014 | 950 TWh | 4.91 TWh | 139 TWh | 33.5 TWh | 34.7 TWh |
| 2015 | 1,007 TWh | 7.09 TWh | 133 TWh | 32.7 TWh | 38.3 TWh |
| 2016 | 1,074 TWh | 12.2 TWh | 129 TWh | 43.5 TWh | 37.9 TWh |
| 2017 | 1,115 TWh | 22.4 TWh | 136 TWh | 52.6 TWh | 37.4 TWh |
| 2018 | 1,199 TWh | 37.5 TWh | 140 TWh | 60.3 TWh | 39.1 TWh |
| 2019 | 1,199 TWh | 37.5 TWh | 162 TWh | 63.3 TWh | 45.2 TWh |
| 2020 | 1,144 TWh | 51.6 TWh | 164 TWh | 60.4 TWh | 44.6 TWh |
| 2021 | 1,256 TWh | 64.3 TWh | 161 TWh | 68.1 TWh | 43.9 TWh |
| 2022 | 1,344 TWh | 94.6 TWh | 175 TWh | 70.1 TWh | 46.2 TWh |
| 2023 | 1,445 TWh | 114 TWh | 149 TWh | 82.1 TWh | 48.2 TWh |
| 2024 | 1,518 TWh | 142 TWh | 157 TWh | 81.5 TWh | 54.7 TWh |
| 2025 | 1,478 TWh | 195 TWh | 178 TWh | 104 TWh | 53.8 TWh |
| Year | Generation | Demand | Carbon intensity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2,084 TWh | 2,086 TWh | 671 gCO2/kWh |
| 2024 | 2,035 TWh | 2,033 TWh | 707 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 1,917 TWh | 1,915 TWh | 714 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 1,803 TWh | 1,802 TWh | 707 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 1,677 TWh | 1,677 TWh | 716 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 1,562 TWh | 1,562 TWh | 710 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 1,601 TWh | 1,598 TWh | 723 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 1,572 TWh | 1,568 TWh | 738 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 1,462 TWh | 1,461 TWh | 743 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 1,395 TWh | 1,394 TWh | 752 gCO2/kWh |
Full year by year history for India, 1985 to 2025
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.
Month by Month
Ember monthly statistics through July 2026Monthly statistics through July 2026, TWh
| Month | Demand | Generation |
|---|---|---|
| 2024-08 | 156 TWh | 155 TWh |
| 2024-09 | 152 TWh | 151 TWh |
| 2024-10 | 153 TWh | 153 TWh |
| 2024-11 | 135 TWh | 136 TWh |
| 2024-12 | 142 TWh | 143 TWh |
| 2025-01 | 148 TWh | 150 TWh |
| 2025-02 | 142 TWh | 144 TWh |
| 2025-03 | 161 TWh | 163 TWh |
| 2025-04 | 159 TWh | 161 TWh |
| 2025-05 | 161 TWh | 163 TWh |
| 2025-06 | 163 TWh | 163 TWh |
| 2025-07 | 169 TWh | 169 TWh |
| 2025-08 | 164 TWh | 164 TWh |
| 2025-09 | 159 TWh | 159 TWh |
| 2025-10 | 145 TWh | 145 TWh |
| 2025-11 | 136 TWh | 136 TWh |
| 2025-12 | 153 TWh | 154 TWh |
| 2026-01 | 158 TWh | 159 TWh |
| 2026-02 | 147 TWh | 149 TWh |
| 2026-03 | 164 TWh | 166 TWh |
| 2026-04 | 168 TWh | 170 TWh |
| 2026-05 | 180 TWh | 181 TWh |
| 2026-06 | 182 TWh | 183 TWh |
| 2026-07 | 185 TWh | 185 TWh |
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of July 2026.
India Electricity FAQ
What is the main source of electricity in India?
Coal was the largest source of electricity in India in 2025, supplying 70.9% of generation, followed by solar (9.3%) and hydro (8.5%). Figures are Ember annual statistics.
How much electricity does India use?
India used 2,086 TWh of electricity in 2025, about 1.42 MWh per person.
How clean is India's electricity?
Generating a kilowatt hour of electricity in India emitted 671 gCO2/kWh in 2025, and low carbon sources supplied 26.5% of generation. That is 46% above the world average of 459 gCO2/kWh.
Does India import electricity?
Yes. India imported 1.22 TWh more electricity than it exported in 2025.