Australia vs Indonesia: Electricity Compared

Australia generated 282 TWh of electricity in 2024 and Indonesia 372 TWh, according to Ember. Coal was the largest source in both, at 45.2% in Australia and 61.5% in Indonesia. Each kWh generated emitted 554 gCO2/kWh in Australia and 681 gCO2/kWh in Indonesia. These are Ember annual statistics for 2024, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Ember's latest annual figures for Indonesia are for 2024, while Australia has figures to 2025, so this comparison uses 2024 for both.

Why this comparison: both among the 20 largest electricity users.

Key Facts

Solar supplied 17.8% of Australia's electricity in 2024, against 0.4% in Indonesia.
The average person in Australia used 10.54 MWh of electricity in 2024, 8.0 times as much as in Indonesia (1.31 MWh).
Low carbon sources supplied 35.1% of Australia's electricity in 2024 and 18.1% of Indonesia's.
Electricity demand in 2024 was 282 TWh in Australia and 373 TWh in Indonesia.

Key Figures, 2024

Ember annual statistics

Measure	Australia	Indonesia
Total generation	282 TWh	372 TWh
Electricity demand	282 TWh	373 TWh
Demand per person	10.54 MWh	1.31 MWh
Carbon intensity	554 gCO2/kWh	681 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions	156 MtCO2	253 MtCO2
Low carbon share	35.1%	18.1%
Largest source	Coal 45.2%	Coal 61.5%

Generation Mix, 2024

Share of generation

Source	Australia	Indonesia
Coal	45.2%	61.5%
Gas	17.4%	18.5%
Solar	17.8%	0.4%
Wind	11.6%	0.1%
Hydro	4.6%	7.3%
Bioenergy	1.1%	5.7%
Other renewables	0.0%	4.5%
Other fossil	2.3%	1.9%

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Australia and Indonesia each year from 1985 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2024 it was 554 gCO2/kWh in Australia and 681 gCO2/kWh in Indonesia.

Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity in Australia and Indonesia, 1985 to 2025
Year	Australia	Indonesia
1985	759 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1986	761 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1987	772 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1988	771 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1989	777 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1990	786 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1991	785 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1992	786 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1993	786 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1994	788 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1995	793 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1996	795 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1997	800 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1998	804 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1999	803 gCO2/kWh	n/a
2000	806 gCO2/kWh	631 gCO2/kWh
2001	803 gCO2/kWh	626 gCO2/kWh
2002	795 gCO2/kWh	643 gCO2/kWh
2003	792 gCO2/kWh	656 gCO2/kWh
2004	793 gCO2/kWh	654 gCO2/kWh
2005	792 gCO2/kWh	651 gCO2/kWh
2006	791 gCO2/kWh	668 gCO2/kWh
2007	791 gCO2/kWh	663 gCO2/kWh
2008	792 gCO2/kWh	653 gCO2/kWh
2009	785 gCO2/kWh	661 gCO2/kWh
2010	776 gCO2/kWh	637 gCO2/kWh
2011	749 gCO2/kWh	667 gCO2/kWh
2012	747 gCO2/kWh	687 gCO2/kWh
2013	726 gCO2/kWh	682 gCO2/kWh
2014	734 gCO2/kWh	692 gCO2/kWh
2015	730 gCO2/kWh	697 gCO2/kWh
2016	714 gCO2/kWh	689 gCO2/kWh
2017	718 gCO2/kWh	689 gCO2/kWh
2018	689 gCO2/kWh	684 gCO2/kWh
2019	670 gCO2/kWh	694 gCO2/kWh
2020	642 gCO2/kWh	685 gCO2/kWh
2021	606 gCO2/kWh	685 gCO2/kWh
2022	578 gCO2/kWh	676 gCO2/kWh
2023	557 gCO2/kWh	681 gCO2/kWh
2024	554 gCO2/kWh	681 gCO2/kWh
2025	525 gCO2/kWh	n/a

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Electricity demand per person in Australia and Indonesia each year from 1985 to 2025, in MWh. In 2024 it was 10.54 MWh in Australia and 1.31 MWh in Indonesia.

Annual statistics through 2025, MWh

Electricity demand per person in Australia and Indonesia, 1985 to 2025
Year	Australia	Indonesia
1985	n/a	n/a
1986	n/a	n/a
1987	n/a	n/a
1988	n/a	n/a
1989	n/a	n/a
1990	n/a	n/a
1991	n/a	n/a
1992	n/a	n/a
1993	n/a	n/a
1994	n/a	n/a
1995	n/a	n/a
1996	n/a	n/a
1997	n/a	n/a
1998	n/a	n/a
1999	n/a	n/a
2000	11.33 MWh	0.45 MWh
2001	11.58 MWh	0.49 MWh
2002	11.41 MWh	0.51 MWh
2003	11.40 MWh	0.52 MWh
2004	11.44 MWh	0.55 MWh
2005	11.37 MWh	0.58 MWh
2006	11.56 MWh	0.59 MWh
2007	11.61 MWh	0.63 MWh
2008	11.48 MWh	0.65 MWh
2009	11.47 MWh	0.67 MWh
2010	11.34 MWh	0.72 MWh
2011	11.40 MWh	0.77 MWh
2012	10.97 MWh	0.83 MWh
2013	10.74 MWh	0.88 MWh
2014	10.50 MWh	0.92 MWh
2015	10.61 MWh	0.93 MWh
2016	10.61 MWh	0.98 MWh
2017	10.47 MWh	1.00 MWh
2018	10.46 MWh	1.06 MWh
2019	10.44 MWh	1.09 MWh
2020	10.30 MWh	1.07 MWh
2021	10.30 MWh	1.12 MWh
2022	10.42 MWh	1.20 MWh
2023	10.33 MWh	1.25 MWh
2024	10.54 MWh	1.31 MWh
2025	10.63 MWh	n/a

Australia history · Indonesia history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2024.

Australia vs Indonesia: Electricity Compared

Key Facts

Key Figures, 2024

Generation Mix, 2024

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

Related