Australia Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions

Australia generated 286 TWh of electricity in 2025, according to Ember. Coal was the largest source at 42.9%, followed by solar (20.4%) and gas (15.5%). Demand was 286 TWh and each kWh generated emitted 518 gCO2/kWh. These are annual statistics for 2025, with monthly figures through October 2026; they are compiled from national sources and are not real time.

Key Facts

Australia generated 286 TWh of electricity in 2025.
Coal supplied 42.9% of Australia's electricity in 2025.
Solar supplied 20.4% of Australia's electricity in 2025.
Gas supplied 15.5% of Australia's electricity in 2025.
Low carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) supplied 39.8% of Australia's generation in 2025.
The carbon intensity of Australia's electricity was 518 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
Australia's carbon intensity in 2025 was 32% lower than in 1985, when it was 759 gCO2/kWh.
Australia had the 20th highest electricity demand among the 96 countries with Ember data for 2025.

Key Figures, 2025

Measure	Value	As of / source
Total generation	286 TWh	2025 · Ember
Electricity demand	286 TWh	2025 · Ember
Demand per person	10.63 MWh	2025 · Ember
Net imports	0 TWh	2025 · Ember
Carbon intensity	518 gCO2/kWh	2025 · Ember
Power sector emissions	148 MtCO2	2025 · Ember
Demand rank (countries with 2025 data)	20 of 96	2025 · Ember

Generation Mix, 2025

Source	Generation	Share
Coal	123 TWh	42.9%
Solar	58.4 TWh	20.4%
Gas	44.2 TWh	15.5%
Wind	39.6 TWh	13.9%
Hydro	12.6 TWh	4.4%
Other fossil	5.36 TWh	1.9%
Bioenergy	3.10 TWh	1.1%

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Year by Year

Ember annual statistics, 1985 to 2025

Australia's electricity generation by main source from 1985 to 2025, in TWh. In 2025 the largest sources were coal at 123 TWh, solar at 58.4 TWh, gas at 44.2 TWh, wind at 39.6 TWh, hydro at 12.6 TWh.

Annual statistics through 2025, TWh

Australia electricity generation by source, 1985 to 2025
Year	Coal	Solar	Gas	Wind	Hydro
1985	89.4 TWh	n/a	11.5 TWh	n/a	13.9 TWh
1986	92.6 TWh	n/a	13.8 TWh	n/a	14.0 TWh
1987	100 TWh	n/a	14.0 TWh	n/a	13.6 TWh
1988	106 TWh	n/a	14.7 TWh	n/a	14.3 TWh
1989	114 TWh	n/a	15.1 TWh	n/a	14.3 TWh
1990	123 TWh	0 TWh	12.6 TWh	0 TWh	14.8 TWh
1991	127 TWh	10.0 GWh	11.2 TWh	0 TWh	15.7 TWh
1992	130 TWh	10.0 GWh	12.0 TWh	0 TWh	15.9 TWh
1993	133 TWh	10.0 GWh	12.3 TWh	0 TWh	16.4 TWh
1994	137 TWh	20.0 GWh	13.6 TWh	10.0 GWh	16.2 TWh
1995	142 TWh	20.0 GWh	13.7 TWh	10.0 GWh	15.6 TWh
1996	148 TWh	30.0 GWh	11.9 TWh	10.0 GWh	16.0 TWh
1997	157 TWh	30.0 GWh	12.2 TWh	10.0 GWh	16.0 TWh
1998	166 TWh	40.0 GWh	14.5 TWh	20.0 GWh	15.8 TWh
1999	171 TWh	40.0 GWh	16.1 TWh	40.0 GWh	16.3 TWh
2000	180 TWh	50.0 GWh	16.8 TWh	130 GWh	16.5 TWh
2001	180 TWh	50.0 GWh	24.5 TWh	290 GWh	16.1 TWh
2002	172 TWh	60.0 GWh	30.6 TWh	530 GWh	16.1 TWh
2003	174 TWh	60.0 GWh	30.2 TWh	700 GWh	16.2 TWh
2004	179 TWh	70.0 GWh	27.4 TWh	800 GWh	15.7 TWh
2005	183 TWh	80.0 GWh	23.3 TWh	1.30 TWh	15.5 TWh
2006	186 TWh	100 GWh	27.3 TWh	2.16 TWh	15.0 TWh
2007	185 TWh	110 GWh	33.4 TWh	2.85 TWh	13.1 TWh
2008	184 TWh	140 GWh	36.3 TWh	3.46 TWh	11.8 TWh
2009	182 TWh	290 GWh	41.1 TWh	4.44 TWh	12.6 TWh
2010	176 TWh	980 GWh	46.8 TWh	4.99 TWh	13.8 TWh
2011	172 TWh	2.04 TWh	48.8 TWh	6.43 TWh	19.6 TWh
2012	165 TWh	2.41 TWh	49.8 TWh	7.72 TWh	17.0 TWh
2013	155 TWh	3.85 TWh	52.7 TWh	9.26 TWh	19.1 TWh
2014	155 TWh	4.95 TWh	53.7 TWh	9.78 TWh	14.5 TWh
2015	162 TWh	6.20 TWh	49.7 TWh	11.8 TWh	14.1 TWh
2016	162 TWh	7.44 TWh	48.1 TWh	13.0 TWh	17.6 TWh
2017	159 TWh	8.92 TWh	55.1 TWh	13.2 TWh	13.5 TWh
2018	157 TWh	12.3 TWh	51.5 TWh	16.3 TWh	17.3 TWh
2019	150 TWh	18.3 TWh	55.7 TWh	19.5 TWh	14.0 TWh
2020	143 TWh	23.8 TWh	53.1 TWh	22.6 TWh	14.4 TWh
2021	137 TWh	31.2 TWh	47.6 TWh	26.8 TWh	15.9 TWh
2022	129 TWh	37.5 TWh	50.8 TWh	30.1 TWh	16.7 TWh
2023	126 TWh	45.0 TWh	46.7 TWh	31.9 TWh	15.1 TWh
2024	127 TWh	50.2 TWh	49.1 TWh	32.7 TWh	12.9 TWh
2025	123 TWh	58.4 TWh	44.2 TWh	39.6 TWh	12.6 TWh

Year	Generation	Demand	Carbon intensity
2025	286 TWh	286 TWh	518 gCO2/kWh
2024	282 TWh	282 TWh	554 gCO2/kWh
2023	273 TWh	273 TWh	557 gCO2/kWh
2022	273 TWh	273 TWh	578 gCO2/kWh
2021	267 TWh	267 TWh	606 gCO2/kWh
2020	265 TWh	265 TWh	642 gCO2/kWh
2019	266 TWh	266 TWh	670 gCO2/kWh
2018	263 TWh	263 TWh	689 gCO2/kWh
2017	259 TWh	259 TWh	718 gCO2/kWh
2016	258 TWh	258 TWh	714 gCO2/kWh

Full year by year history for Australia, 1985 to 2025

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

Month by Month

Ember monthly statistics through October 2026

Australia's electricity demand in October 2026 was 20.1 TWh, and generation from the sources Ember reports was 20.0 TWh. Carbon intensity that month was 488 gCO2/kWh.

Monthly statistics through October 2026, TWh

Australia monthly electricity demand and generation, November 2024 to October 2026
Month	Demand	Generation
2024-11	19.2 TWh	19.2 TWh
2024-12	21.0 TWh	20.9 TWh
2025-01	21.2 TWh	21.2 TWh
2025-02	19.5 TWh	19.5 TWh
2025-03	20.7 TWh	20.7 TWh
2025-04	18.4 TWh	18.4 TWh
2025-05	19.7 TWh	19.7 TWh
2025-06	21.0 TWh	21.0 TWh
2025-07	22.0 TWh	22.0 TWh
2025-08	21.3 TWh	21.3 TWh
2025-09	19.2 TWh	19.2 TWh
2025-10	19.8 TWh	19.8 TWh
2025-11	19.6 TWh	19.6 TWh
2025-12	20.9 TWh	20.9 TWh
2026-01	21.8 TWh	21.8 TWh
2026-02	19.7 TWh	19.7 TWh
2026-03	20.5 TWh	20.5 TWh
2026-04	18.9 TWh	18.9 TWh
2026-05	19.8 TWh	19.8 TWh
2026-06	20.4 TWh	20.4 TWh
2026-07	22.0 TWh	22.0 TWh
2026-08	21.3 TWh	21.3 TWh
2026-09	19.5 TWh	19.4 TWh
2026-10	20.1 TWh	20.0 TWh

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of October 2026.

Seasonal Patterns in Australia

Ember monthly statistics, complete years only, through October 2026

Electricity demand by month

Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2016 to 2025, demand is highest in July and lowest in April, and the busiest month uses 13% more electricity per day than the quietest.

Australia's electricity demand for each month, in TWh, 2016 to 2025. Colour shows demand per day, so short months are not shaded as quiet.
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
2025	21.2	19.5	20.7	18.4	19.7	21.0	22.0	21.3	19.2	19.8	19.6	20.9
2024	20.8	20.1	20.0	18.2	19.6	20.3	21.4	20.0	18.6	18.8	19.2	21.0
2023	19.9	18.5	19.7	17.6	19.7	19.8	20.2	19.7	18.0	18.6	18.5	20.1
2022	20.5	18.1	19.4	17.6	19.1	20.0	20.9	20.1	18.4	18.3	17.8	18.8
2021	19.4	17.5	18.7	17.6	18.8	19.5	20.6	19.3	17.8	18.1	17.8	19.2
2020	20.1	18.5	18.4	17.0	18.4	18.9	19.9	19.4	17.4	17.7	18.0	19.0
2019	20.7	17.9	19.2	17.2	18.6	19.0	19.7	19.6	17.7	18.0	18.0	19.6
2018	20.0	17.8	18.7	17.4	18.6	19.3	19.8	19.6	17.8	17.8	17.6	18.9
2017	19.8	18.1	19.0	16.6	18.3	18.8	19.5	19.0	17.7	17.6	17.8	18.9
2016	19.1	18.5	19.1	17.3	18.2	19.1	19.7	19.3	17.9	17.6	17.8	18.7

Lower demand per day
Higher demand per day
No data
Each cell shows the month's total demand in TWh, and colour compares demand per day so short months are not shaded as quiet. Lowest cell 16.6 TWh, highest 22.0 TWh. Colours are relative to Australia alone.

Low carbon share of generation by month

Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2016 to 2025, the low carbon share is highest in October (33%) and lowest in June (25%), a gap of 8.3 points.

Share of Australia's electricity generation from nuclear and renewable sources for each month, in percent, 2016 to 2025.
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
2025	44%	44%	40%	40%	38%	35%	38%	40%	48%	50%	51%	51%
2024	39%	39%	39%	36%	32%	29%	34%	38%	45%	47%	45%	45%
2023	39%	38%	35%	36%	34%	35%	36%	37%	42%	45%	42%	42%
2022	35%	35%	32%	31%	31%	32%	31%	34%	36%	37%	43%	42%
2021	31%	30%	29%	28%	28%	27%	29%	31%	35%	36%	36%	37%
2020	24%	23%	25%	26%	26%	23%	22%	26%	31%	31%	31%	31%
2019	20%	20%	18%	21%	21%	21%	23%	24%	25%	25%	27%	26%
2018	16%	17%	18%	18%	19%	19%	22%	24%	22%	21%	22%	22%
2017	14%	15%	13%	12%	15%	13%	17%	17%	21%	19%	16%	15%
2016	16%	14%	13%	13%	17%	17%	18%	17%	17%	23%	20%	18%

Lower low carbon share
Higher low carbon share
No data
Each cell shows the low carbon share. Lowest cell 12%, highest 51%. Colours are relative to Australia alone.

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of October 2026. Complete calendar years only.

Countries With a Similar Electricity Mix

Ember annual, 2025

Australia's closest match is Poland, 86.4% the same, and the match goes both ways, so they are grid twins.

Poland 86.4% the same · grid twin Poland generates 9.1 points less solar than Australia
North Macedonia 77.5% the same North Macedonia generates 13.5 points more hydro than Australia
Morocco 77.5% the same Morocco generates 19.5 points more coal than Australia
Turkey 77.2% the same Turkey generates 11.8 points more hydro than Australia
Germany 75.0% the same Germany generates 21.9 points less coal than Australia

How close: the share of generation that would have to change fuel for one mix to match the other (half the sum of the fuel share differences); 100% minus that is "the same". Grids under 1 TWh are skipped. Grid twins: the 25 closest pairs and every country's nearest match

Notable Grid Failures Affecting Australia

History, not live data

The 2016 South Australia Blackout 28 September 2016. South Australia.

Australia Electricity FAQ

What is the main source of electricity in Australia?

Coal was the largest source of electricity in Australia in 2025, supplying 42.9% of generation, followed by solar (20.4%) and gas (15.5%). Figures are Ember annual statistics.

How much electricity does Australia use?

Australia used 286 TWh of electricity in 2025, about 10.63 MWh per person.

How clean is Australia's electricity?

Generating a kilowatt hour of electricity in Australia emitted 518 gCO2/kWh in 2025, and low carbon sources supplied 39.8% of generation. That is 13% above the world average of 460 gCO2/kWh.

When does Australia use the most electricity?

Averaged over 2016 to 2025, Australia's electricity demand is highest in July and lowest in April. The busiest month uses 13% more electricity per day than the quietest (Ember monthly data).

Cite this page

APA 7

World Power Monitor. (2026). Australia Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/australia/

Plain text

World Power Monitor. Australia Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. Data as of 2026-10. Data from Ember. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/australia/

BibTeX

@misc{wpm_countries_australia_2026,
  title = {{Australia Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions}},
  author = {{World Power Monitor}},
  year = {2026},
  note = {Data as of 2026-10. Data from Ember.},
  url = {https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/australia/}
}

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