Peak Coal and Peak Emissions: 52 Countries Past Peak Coal, 59 Past Peak CO2
52 of 68 countries are past peak coal generation, 8 are at or near their peak and 8 are still rising. 59 of 103 countries are past peak power sector CO2 emissions, 22 are at or near their peak and 22 are still rising. World coal generation was the highest in the data in 2025, 10,607 TWh, so it has not peaked yet in this data (Ember's World region data starts in 2000). The biggest coal generators now are China (peaked in 2024 at 5,836 TWh, 1.4% below that in 2025), India (peaked in 2024 at 1,518 TWh, 2.9% below that in 2025) and the United States (peaked in 2007 at 2,016 TWh, 63.4% below that in 2025). The 52 countries past peak coal generated 2,169 TWh of coal in their latest year, 21% of the 10,558 TWh generated by all 68 countries here. Each country is read at its own latest Ember year (most report 2025 or 2024), so the figures are not all for the same year. Data as of 2025, Ember annual statistics.
Peaks at a Glance
Each country at its own latest year, through 2025Key Facts, 2025
- 52 of 68 countries are past peak coal generation, 8 are at or near their peak and 8 are still rising.
- Among countries past peak coal generation, the biggest peaks were the United States (peaked in 2007 at 2,016 TWh, 63.4% below that in 2025), Japan (peaked in 2017 at 363 TWh, 10.0% below that in 2025), Germany (peaked in 1990 or earlier at 310 TWh, 66.4% below that in 2025), South Korea (peaked in 2017 at 261 TWh, 25.1% below that in 2025) and South Africa (peaked in 2007 at 248 TWh, 20.2% below that in 2025).
- World coal generation was the highest in the data in 2025, 10,607 TWh, so it has not peaked yet in this data (Ember's World region data starts in 2000).
- The biggest coal generators now are China (peaked in 2024 at 5,836 TWh, 1.4% below that in 2025), India (peaked in 2024 at 1,518 TWh, 2.9% below that in 2025) and the United States (peaked in 2007 at 2,016 TWh, 63.4% below that in 2025).
- The 52 countries past peak coal generated 2,169 TWh of coal in their latest year, 21% of the 10,558 TWh generated by all 68 countries here.
- 59 of 103 countries are past peak power sector CO2 emissions, 22 are at or near their peak and 22 are still rising.
- Among countries past peak power sector CO2 emissions, the biggest peaks were the United States (peaked in 2007 at 2,479 MtCO2, 29.9% below that in 2025), Japan (peaked in 2012 at 658 MtCO2, 26.1% below that in 2025), Germany (peaked in 2007 at 348 MtCO2, 52.3% below that in 2025), South Korea (peaked in 2018 at 308 MtCO2, 14.8% below that in 2025) and the United Kingdom (peaked in 1991 at 226 MtCO2, 71.7% below that in 2025).
- World power sector CO2 emissions were the highest in the data in 2025, 14,688 MtCO2, so it has not peaked yet in this data (Ember's World region data starts in 2000).
World Coal Generation
Ember World region, 2000 to 2025| Year | World coal generation |
|---|---|
| 2000 | 5,809 TWh |
| 2001 | 5,891 TWh |
| 2002 | 6,144 TWh |
| 2003 | 6,575 TWh |
| 2004 | 6,797 TWh |
| 2005 | 7,167 TWh |
| 2006 | 7,567 TWh |
| 2007 | 8,052 TWh |
| 2008 | 8,074 TWh |
| 2009 | 7,951 TWh |
| 2010 | 8,468 TWh |
| 2011 | 8,922 TWh |
| 2012 | 8,972 TWh |
| 2013 | 9,437 TWh |
| 2014 | 9,619 TWh |
| 2015 | 9,296 TWh |
| 2016 | 9,337 TWh |
| 2017 | 9,668 TWh |
| 2018 | 10,045 TWh |
| 2019 | 9,836 TWh |
| 2020 | 9,445 TWh |
| 2021 | 10,169 TWh |
| 2022 | 10,271 TWh |
| 2023 | 10,419 TWh |
| 2024 | 10,546 TWh |
| 2025 | 10,607 TWh |
Countries Past Peak, by the Year of Their Peak
52 past peak coal, 59 past peak CO2| Year | Past peak coal generation | Past peak power sector CO2 |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 3 | 3 |
| 1991 | 5 | 5 |
| 1992 | 5 | 5 |
| 1993 | 5 | 5 |
| 1994 | 5 | 5 |
| 1995 | 5 | 5 |
| 1996 | 7 | 7 |
| 1997 | 7 | 7 |
| 1998 | 7 | 8 |
| 1999 | 8 | 9 |
| 2000 | 9 | 9 |
| 2001 | 11 | 12 |
| 2002 | 12 | 12 |
| 2003 | 14 | 15 |
| 2004 | 14 | 15 |
| 2005 | 17 | 18 |
| 2006 | 19 | 22 |
| 2007 | 23 | 28 |
| 2008 | 24 | 28 |
| 2009 | 24 | 29 |
| 2010 | 25 | 31 |
| 2011 | 27 | 32 |
| 2012 | 30 | 35 |
| 2013 | 30 | 37 |
| 2014 | 33 | 39 |
| 2015 | 35 | 41 |
| 2016 | 38 | 45 |
| 2017 | 40 | 46 |
| 2018 | 42 | 49 |
| 2019 | 45 | 55 |
| 2020 | 47 | 55 |
| 2021 | 51 | 59 |
| 2022 | 52 | 59 |
| 2023 | 52 | 59 |
| 2024 | 52 | 59 |
| 2025 | 52 | 59 |
Coal Generation: Peak Year by Country
68 countries ranked52 of 68 countries are past peak coal generation, 8 are at or near their peak and 8 are still rising.
Past peak (52), biggest peak first
| Country | Peak year | Peak | Latest | Below peak |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. 🇺🇸 United States | 2007 | 2,016 TWh | 737 TWh (2025) | 63.4% |
| 2. 🇯🇵 Japan | 2017 | 363 TWh | 327 TWh (2025) | 10.0% |
| 3. 🇩🇪 Germany | 1990 or earlier | 310 TWh | 104 TWh (2025) | 66.4% |
| 4. 🇰🇷 South Korea | 2017 | 261 TWh | 195 TWh (2025) | 25.1% |
| 5. 🇿🇦 South Africa | 2007 | 248 TWh | 198 TWh (2025) | 20.2% |
| 6. 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 1991 | 211 TWh | 330 GWh (2025) | 99.8% |
| 7. 🇦🇺 Australia | 2006 | 186 TWh | 123 TWh (2025) | 34.0% |
| 8. 🇵🇱 Poland | 2006 | 147 TWh | 87.3 TWh (2025) | 40.6% |
| 9. 🇹🇼 Taiwan | 2018 | 134 TWh | 104 TWh (2025) | 22.2% |
| 10. 🇨🇦 Canada | 2000 | 116 TWh | 17.5 TWh (2025) | 84.9% |
| 11. 🇪🇸 Spain | 2002 | 81.2 TWh | 1.14 TWh (2025) | 98.6% |
| 12. 🇨🇿 Czechia | 2007 | 53.8 TWh | 26.6 TWh (2025) | 50.6% |
| 13. 🇮🇹 Italy | 2012 | 49.1 TWh | 3.58 TWh (2025) | 92.7% |
| 14. 🇩🇰 Denmark | 1996 | 39.7 TWh | 900 GWh (2025) | 97.7% |
| 15. 🇫🇷 France | 1991 | 39.6 TWh | 1.75 TWh (2025) | 95.6% |
| 16. 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 2015 | 39.4 TWh | 9.56 TWh (2025) | 75.7% |
| 17. 🇮🇱 Israel | 2012 | 38.7 TWh | 2.80 TWh (2025) | 92.8% |
| 18. 🇹🇭 Thailand | 2014 | 37.6 TWh | 33.6 TWh (2025) | 10.6% |
| 19. 🇬🇷 Greece | 2005 | 35.5 TWh | 2.75 TWh (2025) | 92.3% |
| 20. 🇲🇽 Mexico | 2016 | 34.5 TWh | 12.9 TWh (2025) | 62.5% |
| 21. 🇭🇰 Hong Kong | 2014 | 30.4 TWh | 12.6 TWh (2024) | 58.6% |
| 22. 🇨🇱 Chile | 2016 | 30.3 TWh | 15.7 TWh (2025) | 48.1% |
| 23. 🇲🇦 Morocco | 2022 | 29.0 TWh | 27.5 TWh (2025) | 5.0% |
| 24. 🇷🇸 Serbia | 2011 | 28.7 TWh | 23.7 TWh (2025) | 17.6% |
| 25. 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | 2011 | 27.5 TWh | 8.58 TWh (2025) | 68.8% |
| 26. 🇧🇷 Brazil | 2015 | 27.0 TWh | 15.6 TWh (2025) | 42.1% |
| 27. 🇵🇰 Pakistan | 2021 | 26.7 TWh | 24.8 TWh (2025) | 7.4% |
| 28. 🇷🇴 Romania | 2008 | 25.8 TWh | 7.56 TWh (2025) | 70.7% |
| 29. 🇫🇮 Finland | 2003 | 19.3 TWh | 150 GWh (2025) | 99.2% |
| 30. 🇧🇪 Belgium | 1990 or earlier | 17.1 TWh | 0 TWh (2025) | 100.0% |
| 31. 🇵🇹 Portugal | 2005 | 15.2 TWh | 0 TWh (2025) | 100.0% |
| 32. 🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2018 | 12.4 TWh | 8.11 TWh (2025) | 34.8% |
| 33. 🇰🇵 North Korea | 2019 | 11.9 TWh | 9.23 TWh (2024) | 22.2% |
| 34. 🇭🇺 Hungary | 1999 | 10.2 TWh | 1.33 TWh (2025) | 86.9% |
| 35. 🇦🇹 Austria | 2003 | 8.44 TWh | 0 TWh (2025) | 100.0% |
| 36. 🇸🇰 Slovakia | 1990 or earlier | 7.50 TWh | 320 GWh (2025) | 95.7% |
| 37. 🇮🇪 Ireland | 2001 | 7.06 TWh | 460 GWh (2025) | 93.5% |
| 38. 🇱🇰 Sri Lanka | 2020 | 6.36 TWh | 5.46 TWh (2025) | 14.2% |
| 39. 🇸🇮 Slovenia | 2007 | 5.48 TWh | 2.18 TWh (2025) | 60.2% |
| 40. 🇳🇿 New Zealand | 2005 | 5.25 TWh | 750 GWh (2025) | 85.7% |
The 40 biggest peaks of 52 past peak countries are shown.
At or near peak, or still rising (16), biggest now first
| Country | Peak year | Peak | Latest | Below peak | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. 🇨🇳 China | 2024 | 5,836 TWh | 5,756 TWh (2025) | 1.4% | At or near peak |
| 2. 🇮🇳 India | 2024 | 1,518 TWh | 1,474 TWh (2025) | 2.9% | At or near peak |
| 3. 🇮🇩 Indonesia | 2025 | 366 TWh | 366 TWh (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 4. 🇷🇺 Russia | 2023 | 215 TWh | 211 TWh (2025) | 1.8% | At or near peak |
| 5. 🇻🇳 Vietnam | 2025 | 157 TWh | 157 TWh (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 6. 🇹🇷 Turkey | 2025 | 121 TWh | 121 TWh (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 7. 🇲🇾 Malaysia | 2025 | 94.4 TWh | 94.4 TWh (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 8. 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 2018 | 75.8 TWh | 72.5 TWh (2025) | 4.3% | At or near peak |
| 9. 🇵🇭 Philippines | 2024 | 79.4 TWh | 72.2 TWh (2025) | 9.0% | At or near peak |
| 10. 🇧🇩 Bangladesh | 2025 | 22.3 TWh | 22.3 TWh (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 11. 🇱🇦 Laos | 2024 | 12.2 TWh | 12.2 TWh (2024) | at peak | Still rising |
| 12. 🇰🇭 Cambodia | 2025 | 10.1 TWh | 10.1 TWh (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 13. 🇩🇴 Dominican Republic | 2023 | 7.72 TWh | 6.59 TWh (2025) | 14.6% | At or near peak |
| 14. 🇺🇿 Uzbekistan | 2025 | 5.70 TWh | 5.70 TWh (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 15. 🇨🇴 Colombia | 2024 | 11.2 TWh | 5.02 TWh (2025) | 55.2% | At or near peak |
The 15 biggest of 16 countries not past peak are shown.
Left out of the coal generation ranking: 106 countries generating under 10 TWh, 34 with fewer than 15 years of data, 6 with no meaningful coal and 1 whose latest year is too old.
Power Sector CO2 Emissions: Peak Year by Country
103 countries ranked59 of 103 countries are past peak power sector CO2 emissions, 22 are at or near their peak and 22 are still rising.
Past peak (59), biggest peak first
| Country | Peak year | Peak | Latest | Below peak |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. 🇺🇸 United States | 2007 | 2,479 MtCO2 | 1,737 MtCO2 (2025) | 29.9% |
| 2. 🇯🇵 Japan | 2012 | 658 MtCO2 | 487 MtCO2 (2025) | 26.1% |
| 3. 🇩🇪 Germany | 2007 | 348 MtCO2 | 166 MtCO2 (2025) | 52.3% |
| 4. 🇰🇷 South Korea | 2018 | 308 MtCO2 | 262 MtCO2 (2025) | 14.8% |
| 5. 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 1991 | 226 MtCO2 | 64.0 MtCO2 (2025) | 71.7% |
| 6. 🇿🇦 South Africa | 2007 | 213 MtCO2 | 170 MtCO2 (2025) | 20.5% |
| 7. 🇦🇺 Australia | 2009 | 196 MtCO2 | 148 MtCO2 (2025) | 24.5% |
| 8. 🇮🇹 Italy | 2006 | 155 MtCO2 | 75.6 MtCO2 (2025) | 51.2% |
| 9. 🇨🇦 Canada | 2001 | 150 MtCO2 | 126 MtCO2 (2025) | 15.9% |
| 10. 🇵🇱 Poland | 2006 | 150 MtCO2 | 102 MtCO2 (2025) | 31.9% |
| 11. 🇪🇸 Spain | 2005 | 138 MtCO2 | 44.4 MtCO2 (2025) | 67.7% |
| 12. 🇧🇷 Brazil | 2014 | 114 MtCO2 | 83.4 MtCO2 (2025) | 26.8% |
| 13. 🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates | 2019 | 91.4 MtCO2 | 86.6 MtCO2 (2025) | 5.2% |
| 14. 🇵🇰 Pakistan | 2021 | 67.2 MtCO2 | 52.7 MtCO2 (2025) | 21.6% |
| 15. 🇦🇷 Argentina | 2016 | 63.6 MtCO2 | 53.0 MtCO2 (2025) | 16.6% |
| 16. 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 2015 | 60.1 MtCO2 | 34.3 MtCO2 (2025) | 43.0% |
| 17. 🇨🇿 Czechia | 2007 | 57.3 MtCO2 | 30.3 MtCO2 (2025) | 47.1% |
| 18. 🇫🇷 France | 1991 | 54.8 MtCO2 | 23.7 MtCO2 (2025) | 56.8% |
| 19. 🇬🇷 Greece | 2007 | 48.5 MtCO2 | 18.8 MtCO2 (2025) | 61.2% |
| 20. 🇮🇱 Israel | 2012 | 48.0 MtCO2 | 40.5 MtCO2 (2025) | 15.7% |
| 21. 🇩🇰 Denmark | 1996 | 43.6 MtCO2 | 4.26 MtCO2 (2025) | 90.2% |
| 22. 🇻🇪 Venezuela | 2016 | 41.7 MtCO2 | 6.88 MtCO2 (2024) | 83.5% |
| 23. 🇨🇱 Chile | 2013 | 40.4 MtCO2 | 25.7 MtCO2 (2025) | 36.3% |
| 24. 🇷🇴 Romania | 1990 or earlier | 37.6 MtCO2 | 12.9 MtCO2 (2025) | 65.7% |
| 25. 🇭🇰 Hong Kong | 2014 | 34.2 MtCO2 | 25.3 MtCO2 (2024) | 26.1% |
| 26. 🇸🇾 Syria | 2010 | 32.3 MtCO2 | 17.6 MtCO2 (2024) | 45.7% |
| 27. 🇫🇮 Finland | 2003 | 31.3 MtCO2 | 4.71 MtCO2 (2025) | 85.0% |
| 28. 🇷🇸 Serbia | 1990 or earlier | 30.7 MtCO2 | 25.2 MtCO2 (2025) | 17.9% |
| 29. 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | 2011 | 28.9 MtCO2 | 10.5 MtCO2 (2025) | 63.7% |
| 30. 🇵🇹 Portugal | 2005 | 27.4 MtCO2 | 6.53 MtCO2 (2025) | 76.2% |
| 31. 🇧🇪 Belgium | 1998 | 24.0 MtCO2 | 10.9 MtCO2 (2025) | 54.5% |
| 32. 🇧🇾 Belarus | 2019 | 20.2 MtCO2 | 14.3 MtCO2 (2025) | 29.0% |
| 33. 🇭🇺 Hungary | 1999 | 17.6 MtCO2 | 6.50 MtCO2 (2025) | 63.2% |
| 34. 🇵🇷 Puerto Rico | 2006 | 17.2 MtCO2 | 12.8 MtCO2 (2025) | 25.5% |
| 35. 🇦🇹 Austria | 2003 | 16.4 MtCO2 | 8.54 MtCO2 (2025) | 47.8% |
| 36. 🇮🇪 Ireland | 2001 | 15.8 MtCO2 | 8.23 MtCO2 (2025) | 47.8% |
| 37. 🇨🇺 Cuba | 2018 | 13.5 MtCO2 | 12.5 MtCO2 (2024) | 7.1% |
| 38. 🇯🇴 Jordan | 2017 | 13.4 MtCO2 | 12.5 MtCO2 (2024) | 6.3% |
| 39. 🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2018 | 12.6 MtCO2 | 8.32 MtCO2 (2025) | 34.0% |
| 40. 🇰🇵 North Korea | 2019 | 11.6 MtCO2 | 9.23 MtCO2 (2024) | 20.6% |
The 40 biggest peaks of 59 past peak countries are shown.
At or near peak, or still rising (44), biggest now first
| Country | Peak year | Peak | Latest | Below peak | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. 🇨🇳 China | 2024 | 5,604 MtCO2 | 5,550 MtCO2 (2025) | 1.0% | At or near peak |
| 2. 🇮🇳 India | 2024 | 1,439 MtCO2 | 1,396 MtCO2 (2025) | 3.0% | At or near peak |
| 3. 🇷🇺 Russia | 2024 | 536 MtCO2 | 534 MtCO2 (2025) | 0.5% | At or near peak |
| 4. 🇮🇩 Indonesia | 2025 | 373 MtCO2 | 373 MtCO2 (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 5. 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia | 2025 | 320 MtCO2 | 320 MtCO2 (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 6. 🇮🇷 Iran | 2025 | 262 MtCO2 | 262 MtCO2 (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 7. 🇲🇽 Mexico | 2025 | 188 MtCO2 | 188 MtCO2 (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 8. 🇹🇼 Taiwan | 2021 | 190 MtCO2 | 183 MtCO2 (2025) | 3.6% | At or near peak |
| 9. 🇹🇷 Turkey | 2025 | 168 MtCO2 | 168 MtCO2 (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 10. 🇻🇳 Vietnam | 2025 | 151 MtCO2 | 151 MtCO2 (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
| 11. 🇪🇬 Egypt | 2024 | 135 MtCO2 | 135 MtCO2 (2025) | 0.3% | At or near peak |
| 12. 🇲🇾 Malaysia | 2024 | 128 MtCO2 | 127 MtCO2 (2025) | 0.2% | At or near peak |
| 13. 🇹🇭 Thailand | 2024 | 114 MtCO2 | 105 MtCO2 (2025) | 7.5% | At or near peak |
| 14. 🇮🇶 Iraq | 2024 | 102 MtCO2 | 102 MtCO2 (2024) | at peak | Still rising |
| 15. 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 2025 | 101 MtCO2 | 101 MtCO2 (2025) | at peak | Still rising |
The 15 biggest of 44 countries not past peak are shown.
Left out of the power sector CO2 emissions ranking: 106 countries generating under 10 TWh, 0 with fewer than 15 years of data, 5 with no meaningful emissions and 1 whose latest year is too old.
How Past Peak Is Defined
A country is "past peak" when its highest value is at least 3 years before its latest value and the latest value is at least 5% below that highest value. "Still rising" means the latest value is the highest on record; everything else is "at or near peak". Countries need at least 10 TWh of generation in their latest year and 15 years of data, a highest value of at least 1.00 TWh of coal or 1.00 MtCO2 of emissions (otherwise they have no coal or emissions worth ranking), and a latest value no older than 2024. The peak is the highest value in Ember's data, which starts in 1985 for the earliest country series; a peak in a series' first year is shown as "or earlier" because the true peak may predate the data. Negative values are treated as missing.
Questions About Peak Coal and Peak Emissions
Which countries are past peak coal?
52 of 68 countries are past peak coal generation, 8 are at or near their peak and 8 are still rising. Among countries past peak coal generation, the biggest peaks were the United States (peaked in 2007 at 2,016 TWh, 63.4% below that in 2025), Japan (peaked in 2017 at 363 TWh, 10.0% below that in 2025), Germany (peaked in 1990 or earlier at 310 TWh, 66.4% below that in 2025), South Korea (peaked in 2017 at 261 TWh, 25.1% below that in 2025) and South Africa (peaked in 2007 at 248 TWh, 20.2% below that in 2025). Past peak means the highest value is at least 3 years before the latest one and the latest is at least 5% below it.
Has world coal generation peaked?
World coal generation was the highest in the data in 2025, 10,607 TWh, so it has not peaked yet in this data (Ember's World region data starts in 2000).
Which countries are past peak power sector emissions?
59 of 103 countries are past peak power sector CO2 emissions, 22 are at or near their peak and 22 are still rising. Among countries past peak power sector CO2 emissions, the biggest peaks were the United States (peaked in 2007 at 2,479 MtCO2, 29.9% below that in 2025), Japan (peaked in 2012 at 658 MtCO2, 26.1% below that in 2025), Germany (peaked in 2007 at 348 MtCO2, 52.3% below that in 2025), South Korea (peaked in 2018 at 308 MtCO2, 14.8% below that in 2025) and the United Kingdom (peaked in 1991 at 226 MtCO2, 71.7% below that in 2025).
Which big coal users have not peaked?
The biggest coal generators now are China (peaked in 2024 at 5,836 TWh, 1.4% below that in 2025), India (peaked in 2024 at 1,518 TWh, 2.9% below that in 2025) and the United States (peaked in 2007 at 2,016 TWh, 63.4% below that in 2025). Past peak means the highest value is at least 3 years before the latest one and the latest is at least 5% below it.
How is "past peak" defined here?
A country is "past peak" when its highest value is at least 3 years before its latest value and the latest value is at least 5% below that highest value. "Still rising" means the latest value is the highest on record; everything else is "at or near peak". Countries need at least 10 TWh of generation in their latest year and 15 years of data, a highest value of at least 1.00 TWh of coal or 1.00 MtCO2 of emissions (otherwise they have no coal or emissions worth ranking), and a latest value no older than 2024. The peak is the highest value in Ember's data, which starts in 1985 for the earliest country series; a peak in a series' first year is shown as "or earlier" because the true peak may predate the data. Negative values are treated as missing.
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025. Annual statistics from Ember.
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Cite this page
World Power Monitor. (2025). Peak Coal and Peak Emissions: Which Countries Are Past Peak. https://worldpowermonitor.com/peaks/
World Power Monitor. Peak Coal and Peak Emissions: Which Countries Are Past Peak. Data as of 2025. Data from Ember. https://worldpowermonitor.com/peaks/
@misc{wpm_peaks_2025,
title = {{Peak Coal and Peak Emissions: Which Countries Are Past Peak}},
author = {{World Power Monitor}},
year = {2025},
note = {Data as of 2025. Data from Ember.},
url = {https://worldpowermonitor.com/peaks/}
} Permalink: https://worldpowermonitor.com/peaks/
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