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Built 2026-11-05 (5 November 2026)

Thailand Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions

Thailand generated 201 TWh of electricity in 2025, according to Ember. Gas was the largest source at 61.5%, followed by coal (16.8%) and bioenergy (11.0%). Demand was 237 TWh and each kWh generated emitted 526 gCO2/kWh. These are annual statistics for 2025, with monthly figures through July 2026; they are compiled from national sources and are not real time.

Key Facts

  • Thailand generated 201 TWh of electricity in 2025.
  • Gas supplied 61.5% of Thailand's electricity in 2025.
  • Coal supplied 16.8% of Thailand's electricity in 2025.
  • Bioenergy supplied 11.0% of Thailand's electricity in 2025.
  • Low carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) supplied 21.7% of Thailand's generation in 2025.
  • The carbon intensity of Thailand's electricity was 526 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
  • Thailand's carbon intensity in 2025 was 8% lower than in 1985, when it was 574 gCO2/kWh.
  • Thailand had the 23rd highest electricity demand among the 96 countries with Ember data for 2025.

Key Figures, 2025

MeasureValueAs of / source
Total generation201 TWh2025 · Ember
Electricity demand237 TWh2025 · Ember
Demand per person3.14 MWh2025 · Ember
Net imports36.9 TWh2025 · Ember
Carbon intensity526 gCO2/kWh2025 · Ember
Power sector emissions105 MtCO22025 · Ember
Demand rank (countries with 2025 data)23 of 962025 · Ember

Generation Mix, 2025

SourceGenerationShare
Gas 123 TWh 61.5%
Coal 33.6 TWh 16.8%
Bioenergy 22.1 TWh 11.0%
Solar 9.99 TWh 5.0%
Hydro 7.83 TWh 3.9%
Wind 3.56 TWh 1.8%
Other fossil 130 GWh 0.1%
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Year by Year

Ember annual statistics, 1985 to 2025
Thailand electricity generation by source, 1985 to 2025 Thailand's electricity generation by main source from 1985 to 2025, in TWh. In 2025 the largest sources were gas at 123 TWh, coal at 33.6 TWh, bioenergy at 22.1 TWh, solar at 9.99 TWh, hydro at 7.83 TWh. 0 38 75 113 150 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Thailand's electricity generation by main source from 1985 to 2025, in TWh. In 2025 the largest sources were gas at 123 TWh, coal at 33.6 TWh, bioenergy at 22.1 TWh, solar at 9.99 TWh, hydro at 7.83 TWh.
Annual statistics through 2025, TWh
Thailand electricity generation by source, 1985 to 2025
YearGasCoalBioenergySolarHydro
198510.7 TWh5.31 TWh0 TWh0 TWh3.69 TWh
198610.3 TWh5.54 TWh0 TWh0 TWh5.53 TWh
198715.6 TWh6.70 TWh0 TWh0 TWh4.06 TWh
198818.7 TWh6.80 TWh30.0 GWh0 TWh3.72 TWh
198919.2 TWh7.87 TWh20.0 GWh0 TWh5.51 TWh
199017.8 TWh11.1 TWh20.0 GWh0 TWh4.90 TWh
199119.1 TWh13.8 TWh30.0 GWh0 TWh4.50 TWh
199222.9 TWh14.8 TWh20.0 GWh0 TWh4.16 TWh
199328.0 TWh13.5 TWh30.0 GWh0 TWh3.61 TWh
199431.5 TWh14.1 TWh50.0 GWh0 TWh4.40 TWh
199533.9 TWh15.2 TWh140 GWh0 TWh6.59 TWh
199636.4 TWh17.6 TWh210 GWh0 TWh7.22 TWh
199744.6 TWh19.0 TWh270 GWh0 TWh7.08 TWh
199849.0 TWh16.6 TWh310 GWh0 TWh5.09 TWh
199953.8 TWh16.6 TWh450 GWh0 TWh3.41 TWh
200061.1 TWh18.2 TWh530 GWh0 TWh5.89 TWh
200171.2 TWh20.3 TWh620 GWh0 TWh6.17 TWh
200278.9 TWh19.3 TWh750 GWh0 TWh7.37 TWh
200385.7 TWh19.3 TWh1.23 TWh0 TWh7.21 TWh
200490.3 TWh20.4 TWh1.84 TWh0 TWh5.90 TWh
200594.5 TWh20.6 TWh1.86 TWh0 TWh5.67 TWh
200694.4 TWh24.5 TWh1.99 TWh40.0 GWh7.95 TWh
200798.2 TWh30.9 TWh2.42 TWh40.0 GWh7.96 TWh
2008104 TWh30.8 TWh2.14 TWh40.0 GWh6.95 TWh
2009106 TWh29.8 TWh2.25 TWh40.0 GWh6.97 TWh
2010118 TWh29.8 TWh3.36 TWh60.0 GWh5.35 TWh
2011108 TWh31.7 TWh3.98 TWh90.0 GWh7.94 TWh
2012119 TWh34.6 TWh4.70 TWh500 GWh8.43 TWh
2013119 TWh35.4 TWh5.62 TWh1.26 TWh5.41 TWh
2014120 TWh37.6 TWh6.72 TWh1.93 TWh5.16 TWh
2015129 TWh34.6 TWh13.7 TWh2.38 TWh3.88 TWh
2016126 TWh37.1 TWh16.3 TWh3.55 TWh3.65 TWh
2017121 TWh35.7 TWh17.9 TWh4.54 TWh4.83 TWh
2018116 TWh35.8 TWh21.2 TWh4.54 TWh7.78 TWh
2019122 TWh35.8 TWh23.2 TWh5.15 TWh6.45 TWh
2020114 TWh36.8 TWh21.3 TWh5.03 TWh4.68 TWh
2021113 TWh36.1 TWh23.6 TWh5.01 TWh4.68 TWh
2022115 TWh35.5 TWh24.5 TWh5.15 TWh6.79 TWh
2023129 TWh30.4 TWh28.8 TWh5.44 TWh6.76 TWh
2024136 TWh33.3 TWh28.2 TWh9.10 TWh6.61 TWh
2025123 TWh33.6 TWh22.1 TWh9.99 TWh7.83 TWh
YearGenerationDemandCarbon intensity
2025 201 TWh 237 TWh 526 gCO2/kWh
2024 217 TWh 250 TWh 524 gCO2/kWh
2023 205 TWh 236 TWh 526 gCO2/kWh
2022 191 TWh 225 TWh 541 gCO2/kWh
2021 187 TWh 218 TWh 547 gCO2/kWh
2020 186 TWh 213 TWh 554 gCO2/kWh
2019 197 TWh 220 TWh 544 gCO2/kWh
2018 187 TWh 213 TWh 550 gCO2/kWh
2017 186 TWh 209 TWh 567 gCO2/kWh
2016 188 TWh 206 TWh 581 gCO2/kWh

Full year by year history for Thailand, 1985 to 2025

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

Month by Month

Ember monthly statistics through July 2026
Thailand monthly electricity demand and generation, August 2024 to July 2026 Thailand's electricity demand in July 2026 was 20.6 TWh, and generation from the sources Ember reports was 16.8 TWh. Carbon intensity that month was 530 gCO2/kWh. 0 6 13 19 25 2024-082025-022025-082026-02
Thailand's electricity demand in July 2026 was 20.6 TWh, and generation from the sources Ember reports was 16.8 TWh. Carbon intensity that month was 530 gCO2/kWh.
Monthly statistics through July 2026, TWh
Thailand monthly electricity demand and generation, August 2024 to July 2026
MonthDemandGeneration
2024-0819.9 TWh16.4 TWh
2024-0918.9 TWh15.0 TWh
2024-1019.5 TWh15.5 TWh
2024-1118.4 TWh15.6 TWh
2024-1216.9 TWh14.6 TWh
2025-0116.3 TWh14.3 TWh
2025-0216.8 TWh15.2 TWh
2025-0320.2 TWh17.6 TWh
2025-0419.5 TWh17.1 TWh
2025-0520.2 TWh17.2 TWh
2025-0619.5 TWh15.9 TWh
2025-0719.7 TWh15.9 TWh
2025-0820.1 TWh15.7 TWh
2025-0919.0 TWh14.6 TWh
2025-1019.3 TWh15.4 TWh
2025-1117.2 TWh14.2 TWh
2025-1217.4 TWh15.1 TWh
2026-0117.0 TWh14.4 TWh
2026-0217.8 TWh15.6 TWh
2026-0320.8 TWh17.7 TWh
2026-0421.3 TWh18.5 TWh
2026-0521.5 TWh18.2 TWh
2026-0620.4 TWh17.7 TWh
2026-0720.6 TWh16.8 TWh

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of July 2026.

Seasonal Patterns in Thailand

Ember monthly statistics, complete years only, through July 2026

Electricity demand by month

Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2019 to 2025, demand is highest in May and lowest in December, and the busiest month uses 20% more electricity per day than the quietest.

Thailand's electricity demand for each month, in TWh, 2019 to 2025. Colour shows demand per day, so short months are not shaded as quiet.
Year JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2025 16.3 16.8 20.2 19.5 20.2 19.5 19.7 20.1 19.0 19.3 17.2 17.4
2024 17.8 18.2 20.8 21.3 21.3 19.7 19.3 19.9 18.9 19.5 18.4 16.9
2023 15.9 16.1 19.1 19.5 20.6 19.1 19.3 19.4 18.4 18.7 17.6 17.3
2022 16.7 15.8 19.5 18.2 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.7 17.7 17.4 17.3 16.0
2021 15.2 15.2 19.0 17.4 19.0 18.4 17.8 17.9 17.1 17.8 17.1 15.9
2020 16.9 16.3 18.5 16.7 17.8 16.8 17.4 17.4 16.9 16.4 15.0 14.9
2019 16.3 16.0 18.8 18.3 19.1 18.1 18.0 17.7 16.9 17.9 16.6 15.5
  • Lower demand per day
  • Higher demand per day
  • No data
  • Each cell shows the month's total demand in TWh, and colour compares demand per day so short months are not shaded as quiet. Lowest cell 14.9 TWh, highest 21.3 TWh. Colours are relative to Thailand alone.

Low carbon share of generation by month

Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2019 to 2025, the low carbon share is highest in December (18%) and lowest in October (13%), a gap of 5.3 points.

Share of Thailand's electricity generation from nuclear and renewable sources for each month, in percent, 2019 to 2025.
Year JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2025 22% 18% 17% 16% 15% 15% 16% 17% 15% 15% 17% 19%
2024 17% 16% 14% 15% 13% 14% 15% 14% 14% 12% 14% 20%
2023 21% 19% 17% 15% 14% 15% 14% 16% 13% 13% 14% 18%
2022 17% 17% 15% 17% 16% 16% 16% 16% 14% 14% 12% 19%
2021 19% 17% 14% 14% 13% 15% 16% 16% 14% 13% 13% 18%
2020 15% 16% 14% 15% 14% 13% 13% 14% 13% 13% 14% 17%
2019 17% 16% 15% 14% 14% 14% 15% 16% 14% 13% 14% 18%
  • Lower low carbon share
  • Higher low carbon share
  • No data
  • Each cell shows the low carbon share. Lowest cell 12%, highest 22%. Colours are relative to Thailand alone.

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of July 2026. Complete calendar years only.

Countries With a Similar Electricity Mix

Ember annual, 2025

Thailand's closest match is Bangladesh, 80.5% the same.

  1. Bangladesh 80.5% the same Bangladesh generates 12.0 points more other fossil than Thailand
  2. Hong Kong 79.4% the same Hong Kong generates 16.9 points more coal than Thailand
  3. Uzbekistan 78.8% the same Uzbekistan generates 11.0 points less bioenergy than Thailand
  4. Brunei 78.5% the same Brunei generates 17.6 points more gas than Thailand
  5. Mexico 77.1% the same Mexico generates 13.4 points less coal than Thailand

How close: the share of generation that would have to change fuel for one mix to match the other (half the sum of the fuel share differences); 100% minus that is "the same". Grids under 1 TWh are skipped. Grid twins: the 25 closest pairs and every country's nearest match

Thailand Electricity FAQ

What is the main source of electricity in Thailand?

Gas was the largest source of electricity in Thailand in 2025, supplying 61.5% of generation, followed by coal (16.8%) and bioenergy (11.0%). Figures are Ember annual statistics.

How much electricity does Thailand use?

Thailand used 237 TWh of electricity in 2025, about 3.14 MWh per person.

How clean is Thailand's electricity?

Generating a kilowatt hour of electricity in Thailand emitted 526 gCO2/kWh in 2025, and low carbon sources supplied 21.7% of generation. That is 14% above the world average of 460 gCO2/kWh.

Does Thailand import electricity?

Yes. Thailand imported 36.9 TWh more electricity than it exported in 2025.

When does Thailand use the most electricity?

Averaged over 2019 to 2025, Thailand's electricity demand is highest in May and lowest in December. The busiest month uses 20% more electricity per day than the quietest (Ember monthly data).

Cite this page
APA 7

World Power Monitor. (2026). Thailand Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/thailand/

Plain text

World Power Monitor. Thailand Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. Data as of 2026-07. Data from Ember. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/thailand/

BibTeX 
@misc{wpm_countries_thailand_2026,
  title = {{Thailand Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions}},
  author = {{World Power Monitor}},
  year = {2026},
  note = {Data as of 2026-07. Data from Ember.},
  url = {https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/thailand/}
}

Permalink: https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/thailand/

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