Romania Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions
Romania generated 49.8 TWh of electricity in 2025, according to Ember. Hydro was the largest source at 24.3%, followed by nuclear (20.5%) and gas (17.0%). Demand was 53.5 TWh and each kWh generated emitted 258 gCO2/kWh. These are annual statistics for 2025, with monthly figures through October 2026; they are compiled from national sources and are not real time.
Key Facts
- Romania generated 49.8 TWh of electricity in 2025.
- Hydro supplied 24.3% of Romania's electricity in 2025.
- Nuclear supplied 20.5% of Romania's electricity in 2025.
- Gas supplied 17.0% of Romania's electricity in 2025.
- Low carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) supplied 67.7% of Romania's generation in 2025.
- The carbon intensity of Romania's electricity was 258 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
- Romania's carbon intensity in 2025 was 56% lower than in 1990, when it was 584 gCO2/kWh.
- Romania had the 51st highest electricity demand among the 96 countries with Ember data for 2025.
Key Figures, 2025
| Measure | Value | As of / source |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 49.8 TWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Electricity demand | 53.5 TWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Demand per person | 2.84 MWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Net imports | 3.74 TWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Carbon intensity | 258 gCO2/kWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Power sector emissions | 12.9 MtCO2 | 2025 · Ember |
| Demand rank (countries with 2025 data) | 51 of 96 | 2025 · Ember |
Generation Mix, 2025
| Source | Generation | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Hydro | 12.1 TWh | 24.3% |
| Nuclear | 10.2 TWh | 20.5% |
| Gas | 8.45 TWh | 17.0% |
| Coal | 7.56 TWh | 15.2% |
| Wind | 5.97 TWh | 12.0% |
| Solar | 4.96 TWh | 10.0% |
| Bioenergy | 480 GWh | 1.0% |
| Other fossil | 80.0 GWh | 0.2% |
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Year by Year
Ember annual statistics, 1990 to 2025| Year | Hydro | Nuclear | Gas | Coal | Wind |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 11.4 TWh | 0 TWh | 22.6 TWh | 18.5 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 1991 | 14.6 TWh | 0 TWh | 20.5 TWh | 15.6 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 1992 | 11.7 TWh | 0 TWh | 19.5 TWh | 18.3 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 1993 | 12.8 TWh | 0 TWh | 18.0 TWh | 19.1 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 1994 | 13.1 TWh | 0 TWh | 16.6 TWh | 19.6 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 1995 | 16.7 TWh | 0 TWh | 16.0 TWh | 20.6 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 1996 | 15.8 TWh | 1.39 TWh | 16.7 TWh | 20.5 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 1997 | 17.5 TWh | 5.40 TWh | 10.1 TWh | 16.9 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 1998 | 18.9 TWh | 5.31 TWh | 10.2 TWh | 14.5 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 1999 | 18.3 TWh | 5.20 TWh | 8.44 TWh | 14.7 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2000 | 14.8 TWh | 5.46 TWh | 9.00 TWh | 18.9 TWh | n/a |
| 2001 | 14.9 TWh | 5.45 TWh | 8.07 TWh | 19.7 TWh | n/a |
| 2002 | 16.1 TWh | 5.51 TWh | 8.97 TWh | 20.3 TWh | n/a |
| 2003 | 13.3 TWh | 4.91 TWh | 9.70 TWh | 23.3 TWh | n/a |
| 2004 | 16.5 TWh | 5.55 TWh | 10.5 TWh | 21.5 TWh | n/a |
| 2005 | 20.2 TWh | 5.55 TWh | 9.61 TWh | 21.9 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2006 | 18.4 TWh | 5.63 TWh | 11.8 TWh | 25.2 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2007 | 16.0 TWh | 7.71 TWh | 11.6 TWh | 25.1 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2008 | 17.2 TWh | 11.2 TWh | 9.92 TWh | 25.8 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2009 | 15.5 TWh | 11.8 TWh | 7.63 TWh | 21.7 TWh | 10.0 GWh |
| 2010 | 19.9 TWh | 11.6 TWh | 7.26 TWh | 20.7 TWh | 310 GWh |
| 2011 | 14.7 TWh | 11.8 TWh | 8.36 TWh | 24.8 TWh | 1.39 TWh |
| 2012 | 12.1 TWh | 11.5 TWh | 8.72 TWh | 22.9 TWh | 2.64 TWh |
| 2013 | 15.0 TWh | 11.6 TWh | 9.26 TWh | 16.9 TWh | 4.52 TWh |
| 2014 | 18.8 TWh | 11.7 TWh | 8.10 TWh | 17.8 TWh | 6.20 TWh |
| 2015 | 16.6 TWh | 11.6 TWh | 9.39 TWh | 18.1 TWh | 7.06 TWh |
| 2016 | 18.0 TWh | 11.3 TWh | 9.65 TWh | 15.9 TWh | 6.59 TWh |
| 2017 | 14.5 TWh | 11.5 TWh | 10.7 TWh | 16.8 TWh | 7.41 TWh |
| 2018 | 17.7 TWh | 11.4 TWh | 10.5 TWh | 15.7 TWh | 6.32 TWh |
| 2019 | 15.6 TWh | 11.3 TWh | 8.95 TWh | 13.6 TWh | 6.77 TWh |
| 2020 | 15.4 TWh | 11.5 TWh | 9.46 TWh | 9.36 TWh | 6.95 TWh |
| 2021 | 17.4 TWh | 11.3 TWh | 9.91 TWh | 10.7 TWh | 6.58 TWh |
| 2022 | 14.0 TWh | 11.1 TWh | 9.33 TWh | 10.4 TWh | 7.00 TWh |
| 2023 | 18.1 TWh | 11.2 TWh | 9.15 TWh | 8.06 TWh | 7.55 TWh |
| 2024 | 14.2 TWh | 10.9 TWh | 9.15 TWh | 7.96 TWh | 6.43 TWh |
| 2025 | 12.1 TWh | 10.2 TWh | 8.45 TWh | 7.56 TWh | 5.97 TWh |
| Year | Generation | Demand | Carbon intensity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 49.8 TWh | 53.5 TWh | 258 gCO2/kWh |
| 2024 | 52.7 TWh | 55.7 TWh | 260 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 57.0 TWh | 53.9 TWh | 243 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 54.7 TWh | 56.0 TWh | 298 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 58.6 TWh | 60.8 TWh | 290 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 55.2 TWh | 58.0 TWh | 278 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 58.8 TWh | 60.3 TWh | 329 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 64.1 TWh | 61.5 TWh | 348 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 63.5 TWh | 60.7 TWh | 369 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 64.2 TWh | 59.2 TWh | 345 gCO2/kWh |
Full year by year history for Romania, 1990 to 2025
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.
Month by Month
Ember monthly statistics through October 2026| Month | Demand | Generation |
|---|---|---|
| 2024-11 | 4.84 TWh | 4.22 TWh |
| 2024-12 | 4.87 TWh | 4.32 TWh |
| 2025-01 | 4.80 TWh | 4.27 TWh |
| 2025-02 | 4.70 TWh | 4.16 TWh |
| 2025-03 | 4.59 TWh | 4.37 TWh |
| 2025-04 | 4.22 TWh | 3.81 TWh |
| 2025-05 | 4.26 TWh | 3.92 TWh |
| 2025-06 | 4.33 TWh | 3.93 TWh |
| 2025-07 | 4.76 TWh | 4.23 TWh |
| 2025-08 | 4.33 TWh | 4.08 TWh |
| 2025-09 | 4.17 TWh | 3.84 TWh |
| 2025-10 | 4.51 TWh | 4.43 TWh |
| 2025-11 | 4.54 TWh | 4.48 TWh |
| 2025-12 | 4.81 TWh | 4.78 TWh |
| 2026-01 | 5.11 TWh | 4.72 TWh |
| 2026-02 | 4.59 TWh | 4.48 TWh |
| 2026-03 | 4.43 TWh | 4.70 TWh |
| 2026-04 | 3.94 TWh | 3.98 TWh |
| 2026-05 | 4.02 TWh | 3.75 TWh |
| 2026-06 | 4.21 TWh | 3.83 TWh |
| 2026-07 | 4.55 TWh | 4.28 TWh |
| 2026-08 | 4.53 TWh | 4.27 TWh |
| 2026-09 | 4.16 TWh | 3.66 TWh |
| 2026-10 | 4.38 TWh | 3.70 TWh |
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of October 2026.
Seasonal Patterns in Romania
Ember monthly statistics, complete years only, through October 2026Electricity demand by month
Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2016 to 2025, demand is highest in January and lowest in May, and the busiest month uses 22% more electricity per day than the quietest.
| Year | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 4.80 | 4.70 | 4.59 | 4.22 | 4.26 | 4.33 | 4.76 | 4.33 | 4.17 | 4.51 | 4.54 | 4.81 |
| 2024 | 5.14 | 4.59 | 4.78 | 4.32 | 4.26 | 4.53 | 5.10 | 4.67 | 4.27 | 4.62 | 4.84 | 4.87 |
| 2023 | 4.82 | 4.55 | 4.71 | 4.34 | 4.24 | 4.16 | 4.63 | 4.53 | 4.20 | 4.38 | 4.65 | 4.87 |
| 2022 | 5.52 | 4.82 | 5.21 | 4.55 | 4.52 | 4.45 | 4.80 | 4.59 | 4.25 | 4.35 | 4.60 | 4.85 |
| 2021 | 5.59 | 5.14 | 5.50 | 5.02 | 4.66 | 4.68 | 5.16 | 4.92 | 4.63 | 5.01 | 5.11 | 5.55 |
| 2020 | 5.56 | 5.10 | 5.03 | 4.10 | 4.22 | 4.31 | 4.81 | 4.78 | 4.62 | 4.91 | 5.21 | 5.51 |
| 2019 | 5.78 | 5.12 | 5.19 | 4.80 | 4.76 | 4.70 | 4.91 | 4.94 | 4.62 | 4.95 | 5.07 | 5.35 |
| 2018 | 5.63 | 5.28 | 5.70 | 4.56 | 4.66 | 4.73 | 4.88 | 4.90 | 4.66 | 5.01 | 5.29 | 5.69 |
| 2017 | 5.68 | 4.97 | 5.10 | 4.57 | 4.42 | 4.46 | 4.72 | 4.76 | 4.55 | 5.06 | 5.25 | 5.47 |
| 2016 | 5.38 | 4.76 | 4.91 | 4.29 | 4.28 | 4.51 | 4.71 | 4.64 | 4.50 | 5.06 | 5.26 | 5.53 |
- Lower demand per day
- Higher demand per day
- No data
- Each cell shows the month's total demand in TWh, and colour compares demand per day so short months are not shaded as quiet. Lowest cell 4.10 TWh, highest 5.78 TWh. Colours are relative to Romania alone.
Low carbon share of generation by month
Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2016 to 2025, the low carbon share is highest in April (73%) and lowest in January (57%), a gap of 15.8 points.
| Year | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 59% | 59% | 68% | 81% | 77% | 73% | 69% | 70% | 69% | 65% | 64% | 65% |
| 2024 | 64% | 67% | 68% | 81% | 78% | 67% | 65% | 65% | 68% | 67% | 61% | 62% |
| 2023 | 64% | 64% | 72% | 77% | 77% | 81% | 71% | 66% | 67% | 65% | 63% | 62% |
| 2022 | 63% | 59% | 66% | 71% | 62% | 59% | 60% | 59% | 61% | 62% | 57% | 61% |
| 2021 | 63% | 63% | 64% | 67% | 73% | 69% | 61% | 61% | 61% | 59% | 56% | 60% |
| 2020 | 54% | 61% | 66% | 75% | 76% | 73% | 62% | 62% | 62% | 68% | 59% | 60% |
| 2019 | 53% | 55% | 61% | 66% | 71% | 74% | 61% | 60% | 56% | 53% | 57% | 57% |
| 2018 | 51% | 53% | 59% | 75% | 65% | 62% | 66% | 61% | 59% | 55% | 50% | 49% |
| 2017 | 48% | 51% | 61% | 64% | 58% | 62% | 54% | 54% | 58% | 56% | 51% | 55% |
| 2016 | 48% | 60% | 64% | 69% | 67% | 63% | 60% | 60% | 55% | 57% | 56% | 54% |
- Lower low carbon share
- Higher low carbon share
- No data
- Each cell shows the low carbon share. Lowest cell 48%, highest 81%. Colours are relative to Romania alone.
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of October 2026. Complete calendar years only.
Countries With a Similar Electricity Mix
Ember annual, 2025Romania's closest match is Pakistan, 81.2% the same, and the match goes both ways, so they are grid twins.
- Pakistan 81.2% the same · grid twin Pakistan generates 11.4 points more solar than Romania
- Slovenia 76.9% the same Slovenia generates 18.8 points more nuclear than Romania
- Chile 75.8% the same Chile generates 20.5 points less nuclear than Romania
- United States 74.9% the same The United States generates 23.0 points more gas than Romania
- Spain 70.6% the same Spain generates 14.8 points less coal than Romania
How close: the share of generation that would have to change fuel for one mix to match the other (half the sum of the fuel share differences); 100% minus that is "the same". Grids under 1 TWh are skipped. Grid twins: the 25 closest pairs and every country's nearest match
Romania Electricity FAQ
What is the main source of electricity in Romania?
Hydro was the largest source of electricity in Romania in 2025, supplying 24.3% of generation, followed by nuclear (20.5%) and gas (17.0%). Figures are Ember annual statistics.
How much electricity does Romania use?
Romania used 53.5 TWh of electricity in 2025, about 2.84 MWh per person.
How clean is Romania's electricity?
Generating a kilowatt hour of electricity in Romania emitted 258 gCO2/kWh in 2025, and low carbon sources supplied 67.7% of generation. That is 44% below the world average of 460 gCO2/kWh.
Does Romania import electricity?
Yes. Romania imported 3.74 TWh more electricity than it exported in 2025.
When does Romania use the most electricity?
Averaged over 2016 to 2025, Romania's electricity demand is highest in January and lowest in May. The busiest month uses 22% more electricity per day than the quietest (Ember monthly data).
Related
Cite this page
World Power Monitor. (2026). Romania Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/romania/
World Power Monitor. Romania Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. Data as of 2026-10. Data from Ember. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/romania/
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title = {{Romania Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions}},
author = {{World Power Monitor}},
year = {2026},
note = {Data as of 2026-10. Data from Ember.},
url = {https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/romania/}
} Permalink: https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/romania/
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