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Estonia Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions

Estonia generated 6.14 TWh of electricity in 2025, according to Ember. Other fossil was the largest source at 38.9%, followed by bioenergy (21.8%) and solar (18.9%). Demand was 8.85 TWh and each kWh generated emitted 319 gCO2/kWh. These are annual statistics for 2025, with monthly figures through October 2026; they are compiled from national sources and are not real time.

Key Facts

  • Estonia generated 6.14 TWh of electricity in 2025.
  • Other fossil supplied 38.9% of Estonia's electricity in 2025.
  • Bioenergy supplied 21.8% of Estonia's electricity in 2025.
  • Solar supplied 18.9% of Estonia's electricity in 2025.
  • Low carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) supplied 59.8% of Estonia's generation in 2025.
  • The carbon intensity of Estonia's electricity was 319 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
  • Estonia's carbon intensity in 2025 was 50% lower than in 1990, when it was 640 gCO2/kWh.
  • Estonia had the 85th highest electricity demand among the 96 countries with Ember data for 2025.

Key Figures, 2025

MeasureValueAs of / source
Total generation6.14 TWh2025 · Ember
Electricity demand8.85 TWh2025 · Ember
Demand per person6.62 MWh2025 · Ember
Net imports2.71 TWh2025 · Ember
Carbon intensity319 gCO2/kWh2025 · Ember
Power sector emissions1.96 MtCO22025 · Ember
Demand rank (countries with 2025 data)85 of 962025 · Ember

Generation Mix, 2025

SourceGenerationShare
Other fossil 2.38 TWh 38.9%
Bioenergy 1.34 TWh 21.8%
Solar 1.16 TWh 18.9%
Wind 1.14 TWh 18.6%
Gas 80.0 GWh 1.3%
Hydro 30.0 GWh 0.5%
Coal 0 TWh 0.0%
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Year by Year

Ember annual statistics, 1990 to 2025
Estonia electricity generation by source, 1990 to 2025 Estonia's electricity generation by main source from 1990 to 2025, in TWh. In 2025 the largest sources were other fossil at 2.38 TWh, bioenergy at 1.34 TWh, solar at 1.16 TWh, wind at 1.14 TWh, gas at 80.0 GWh. 0 5 10 15 20 19901995200020052010201520202025
Estonia's electricity generation by main source from 1990 to 2025, in TWh. In 2025 the largest sources were other fossil at 2.38 TWh, bioenergy at 1.34 TWh, solar at 1.16 TWh, wind at 1.14 TWh, gas at 80.0 GWh.
Annual statistics through 2025, TWh
Estonia electricity generation by source, 1990 to 2025
YearOther fossilBioenergySolarWindGas
199016.2 TWh0 TWh0 TWh0 TWh960 GWh
199113.7 TWh0 TWh0 TWh0 TWh970 GWh
199211.5 TWh0 TWh0 TWh0 TWh290 GWh
19938.99 TWh0 TWh0 TWh0 TWh130 GWh
19948.93 TWh0 TWh0 TWh0 TWh220 GWh
19958.42 TWh10.0 GWh0 TWh0 TWh260 GWh
19968.80 TWh0 TWh0 TWh0 TWh290 GWh
19978.95 TWh10.0 GWh0 TWh0 TWh260 GWh
19988.27 TWh10.0 GWh0 TWh0 TWh270 GWh
19998.03 TWh10.0 GWh0 TWh0 TWh230 GWh
20007.90 TWh10.0 GWh0 TWhn/a600 GWh
20017.87 TWh10.0 GWh0 TWhn/a600 GWh
20027.97 TWh20.0 GWh0 TWh0 TWh530 GWh
20039.61 TWh30.0 GWh0 TWh10.0 GWh500 GWh
20049.76 TWh30.0 GWh0 TWh10.0 GWh490 GWh
20059.55 TWh40.0 GWh0 TWh50.0 GWh540 GWh
20069.06 TWh40.0 GWh0 TWh80.0 GWh540 GWh
200711.7 TWh30.0 GWh0 TWh90.0 GWh340 GWh
20089.96 TWh40.0 GWh0 TWh130 GWh420 GWh
20098.13 TWh310 GWh0 TWh200 GWh110 GWh
201011.6 TWh740 GWh0 TWh280 GWh300 GWh
201111.5 TWh780 GWh0 TWh370 GWh250 GWh
201210.4 TWh1.00 TWh0 TWh430 GWh130 GWh
201312.0 TWh670 GWh0 TWh530 GWh90.0 GWh
201411.0 TWh760 GWh0 TWh600 GWh70.0 GWh
20158.53 TWh820 GWh0 TWh710 GWh60.0 GWh
201610.5 TWh950 GWh10.0 GWh590 GWh70.0 GWh
201711.2 TWh1.10 TWh10.0 GWh720 GWh60.0 GWh
201810.3 TWh1.31 TWh30.0 GWh640 GWh60.0 GWh
20195.43 TWh1.36 TWh70.0 GWh690 GWh40.0 GWh
20203.08 TWh1.85 TWh250 GWh840 GWh30.0 GWh
20214.28 TWh1.77 TWh350 GWh730 GWh40.0 GWh
20226.02 TWh1.57 TWh600 GWh670 GWh60.0 GWh
20232.92 TWh1.38 TWh720 GWh680 GWh20.0 GWh
20242.69 TWh1.34 TWh1.07 TWh1.04 TWh80.0 GWh
20252.38 TWh1.34 TWh1.16 TWh1.14 TWh80.0 GWh
YearGenerationDemandCarbon intensity
2025 6.14 TWh 8.85 TWh 319 gCO2/kWh
2024 6.25 TWh 9.17 TWh 344 gCO2/kWh
2023 5.74 TWh 9.04 TWh 395 gCO2/kWh
2022 8.94 TWh 9.95 TWh 487 gCO2/kWh
2021 7.19 TWh 9.82 TWh 450 gCO2/kWh
2020 6.08 TWh 9.72 TWh 404 gCO2/kWh
2019 7.61 TWh 9.77 TWh 511 gCO2/kWh
2018 12.4 TWh 10.5 TWh 574 gCO2/kWh
2017 13.2 TWh 10.4 TWh 583 gCO2/kWh
2016 12.2 TWh 10.1 TWh 588 gCO2/kWh

Full year by year history for Estonia, 1990 to 2025

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

Month by Month

Ember monthly statistics through October 2026
Estonia monthly electricity demand and generation, November 2024 to October 2026 Estonia's electricity demand in October 2026 was 600 GWh, and generation from the sources Ember reports was 300 GWh. Carbon intensity that month was 352 gCO2/kWh. 0 0 1 1 1 2024-112025-052025-112026-05
Estonia's electricity demand in October 2026 was 600 GWh, and generation from the sources Ember reports was 300 GWh. Carbon intensity that month was 352 gCO2/kWh.
Monthly statistics through October 2026, TWh
Estonia monthly electricity demand and generation, November 2024 to October 2026
MonthDemandGeneration
2024-11710 GWh390 GWh
2024-12770 GWh470 GWh
2025-01770 GWh460 GWh
2025-02720 GWh470 GWh
2025-03700 GWh510 GWh
2025-04610 GWh500 GWh
2025-05600 GWh440 GWh
2025-06550 GWh380 GWh
2025-07580 GWh320 GWh
2025-08590 GWh270 GWh
2025-09590 GWh330 GWh
2025-10660 GWh360 GWh
2025-11700 GWh360 GWh
2025-12770 GWh390 GWh
2026-01950 GWh480 GWh
2026-02840 GWh490 GWh
2026-03730 GWh430 GWh
2026-04660 GWh410 GWh
2026-05610 GWh410 GWh
2026-06580 GWh360 GWh
2026-07590 GWh350 GWh
2026-08600 GWh380 GWh
2026-09560 GWh340 GWh
2026-10600 GWh300 GWh

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of October 2026.

Seasonal Patterns in Estonia

Ember monthly statistics, complete years only, through October 2026

Electricity demand by month

Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2016 to 2025, demand is highest in January and lowest in July, and the busiest month uses 47% more electricity per day than the quietest.

Estonia's electricity demand for each month, in GWh, 2016 to 2025. Colour shows demand per day, so short months are not shaded as quiet.
Year JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2025 770 720 700 610 600 550 580 590 590 660 700 770
2024 880 740 720 650 570 530 530 560 550 640 710 770
2023 790 700 740 600 600 550 530 580 570 700 740 800
2022 840 730 790 710 620 570 540 600 610 640 690 780
2021 850 810 800 690 650 600 610 630 650 680 760 860
2020 780 750 760 660 620 560 570 600 620 680 720 810
2019 870 730 760 650 630 570 570 600 620 710 750 770
2018 830 800 850 630 730 590 590 610 600 700 750 820
2017 840 740 760 680 640 590 580 620 620 710 740 790
2016 860 730 760 670 620 560 570 590 590 680 760 780
  • Lower demand per day
  • Higher demand per day
  • No data
  • Each cell shows the month's total demand in GWh, and colour compares demand per day so short months are not shaded as quiet. Lowest cell 530 GWh, highest 880 GWh. Colours are relative to Estonia alone.

Low carbon share of generation by month

Look for the brightest columns. Averaged over 2016 to 2025, the low carbon share is highest in July (36%) and lowest in January (24%), a gap of 12.1 points.

Share of Estonia's electricity generation from nuclear and renewable sources for each month, in percent, 2016 to 2025.
Year JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2025 52% 34% 57% 56% 68% 68% 84% 85% 70% 50% 42% 56%
2024 34% 42% 46% 57% 60% 58% 58% 65% 54% 59% 56% 55%
2023 27% 28% 36% 55% 54% 51% 64% 50% 57% 58% 36% 27%
2022 22% 30% 26% 42% 27% 29% 29% 32% 21% 31% 17% 17%
2021 22% 19% 44% 42% 35% 28% 29% 32% 23% 30% 23% 16%
2020 43% 47% 42% 54% 48% 35% 41% 20% 28% 31% 32% 30%
2019 11% 22% 21% 16% 20% 29% 29% 22% 25% 29% 24% 33%
2018 11% 10% 9% 10% 10% 11% 10% 9% 15% 16% 12% 14%
2017 12% 10% 12% 13% 8% 11% 12% 11% 11% 12% 13% 15%
2016 10% 16% 14% 13% 10% 12% 7% 8% 7% 10% 10% 12%
  • Lower low carbon share
  • Higher low carbon share
  • No data
  • Each cell shows the low carbon share. Lowest cell 7%, highest 85%. Colours are relative to Estonia alone.

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of October 2026. Complete calendar years only.

Countries With a Similar Electricity Mix

Ember annual, 2025

Estonia's closest match is Nicaragua, 70.9% the same, and the match goes both ways, so they are grid twins.

  1. Nicaragua 70.9% the same · grid twin Nicaragua generates 18.3 points less solar than Estonia
  2. Guadeloupe 67.5% the same Guadeloupe generates 13.2 points more coal than Estonia
  3. Luxembourg 65.6% the same Luxembourg generates 34.4 points less other fossil than Estonia
  4. Martinique 64.0% the same Martinique generates 35.3 points more other fossil than Estonia
  5. Reunion 62.7% the same Reunion generates 17.9 points less wind than Estonia

How close: the share of generation that would have to change fuel for one mix to match the other (half the sum of the fuel share differences); 100% minus that is "the same". Grids under 1 TWh are skipped. Grid twins: the 25 closest pairs and every country's nearest match

Estonia Electricity FAQ

What is the main source of electricity in Estonia?

Other fossil was the largest source of electricity in Estonia in 2025, supplying 38.9% of generation, followed by bioenergy (21.8%) and solar (18.9%). Figures are Ember annual statistics.

How much electricity does Estonia use?

Estonia used 8.85 TWh of electricity in 2025, about 6.62 MWh per person.

How clean is Estonia's electricity?

Generating a kilowatt hour of electricity in Estonia emitted 319 gCO2/kWh in 2025, and low carbon sources supplied 59.8% of generation. That is 31% below the world average of 460 gCO2/kWh.

Does Estonia import electricity?

Yes. Estonia imported 2.71 TWh more electricity than it exported in 2025.

When does Estonia use the most electricity?

Averaged over 2016 to 2025, Estonia's electricity demand is highest in January and lowest in July. The busiest month uses 47% more electricity per day than the quietest (Ember monthly data).

Cite this page
APA 7

World Power Monitor. (2026). Estonia Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/estonia/

Plain text

World Power Monitor. Estonia Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions. Data as of 2026-10. Data from Ember. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/estonia/

BibTeX 
@misc{wpm_countries_estonia_2026,
  title = {{Estonia Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions}},
  author = {{World Power Monitor}},
  year = {2026},
  note = {Data as of 2026-10. Data from Ember.},
  url = {https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/estonia/}
}

Permalink: https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/estonia/

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