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Data as of 2025
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Built 2026-09-19 (19 September 2026)

Estonia Electricity History, 1990 to 2025

Estonia generated 17.2 TWh of electricity in 1990 and 6.14 TWh in 2025. Estonia's electricity demand peaked at 10.5 TWh in 2018. The carbon intensity of Estonia's electricity went from 640 gCO2/kWh in 1990 to 319 gCO2/kWh in 2025. Figures are Ember annual statistics; Ember's series for Estonia starts in 1990.

Key Facts

  • Estonia generated 17.2 TWh of electricity in 1990 and 6.14 TWh in 2025.
  • Estonia's electricity demand peaked at 10.5 TWh in 2018.
  • The carbon intensity of Estonia's electricity went from 640 gCO2/kWh in 1990 to 319 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
  • Estonia's lowest carbon intensity on record was 319 gCO2/kWh, in 2025.
  • Other fossil's share of Estonia's electricity went from 94.4% in 1990 to 38.9% in 2025, the largest change of any source.

Generation and Demand

1990 to 2025, TWh
Estonia electricity generation and demand, 1990 to 2025 Estonia generated 17.2 TWh of electricity in 1990 and 6.14 TWh in 2025. 0 5 10 15 20 19901995200020052010201520202025
Estonia generated 17.2 TWh of electricity in 1990 and 6.14 TWh in 2025.
Annual statistics through 2025, TWh
Estonia electricity generation and demand, 1990 to 2025
YearGenerationDemand
199017.2 TWh10.2 TWh
199114.6 TWh9.86 TWh
199211.8 TWh8.59 TWh
19939.12 TWh7.52 TWh
19949.15 TWh7.96 TWh
19958.69 TWh7.93 TWh
19969.09 TWh8.23 TWh
19979.22 TWh8.25 TWh
19988.55 TWh8.16 TWh
19998.27 TWh7.67 TWh
20008.51 TWh7.58 TWh
20018.49 TWh7.87 TWh
20028.53 TWh7.84 TWh
200310.2 TWh8.26 TWh
200410.3 TWh8.52 TWh
200510.2 TWh8.59 TWh
20069.73 TWh8.98 TWh
200712.2 TWh9.76 TWh
200810.6 TWh9.64 TWh
20098.78 TWh8.86 TWh
201013.0 TWh9.72 TWh
201112.9 TWh9.33 TWh
201212.0 TWh9.72 TWh
201313.3 TWh9.69 TWh
201412.5 TWh9.70 TWh
201510.2 TWh9.23 TWh
201612.2 TWh10.1 TWh
201713.2 TWh10.4 TWh
201812.4 TWh10.5 TWh
20197.61 TWh9.77 TWh
20206.08 TWh9.72 TWh
20217.19 TWh9.82 TWh
20228.94 TWh9.95 TWh
20235.74 TWh9.04 TWh
20246.25 TWh9.17 TWh
20256.14 TWh8.85 TWh

Carbon Intensity

gCO2 per kWh generated
Estonia carbon intensity of electricity, 1990 to 2025 The carbon intensity of Estonia's electricity went from 640 gCO2/kWh in 1990 to 319 gCO2/kWh in 2025. 0 200 400 600 800 19901995200020052010201520202025
The carbon intensity of Estonia's electricity went from 640 gCO2/kWh in 1990 to 319 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
Annual statistics through 2025
Estonia carbon intensity of electricity, 1990 to 2025
YearCarbon intensity
1990640 gCO2/kWh
1991636 gCO2/kWh
1992650 gCO2/kWh
1993653 gCO2/kWh
1994650 gCO2/kWh
1995648 gCO2/kWh
1996648 gCO2/kWh
1997648 gCO2/kWh
1998647 gCO2/kWh
1999648 gCO2/kWh
2000634 gCO2/kWh
2001633 gCO2/kWh
2002636 gCO2/kWh
2003639 gCO2/kWh
2004639 gCO2/kWh
2005634 gCO2/kWh
2006632 gCO2/kWh
2007642 gCO2/kWh
2008634 gCO2/kWh
2009621 gCO2/kWh
2010610 gCO2/kWh
2011605 gCO2/kWh
2012592 gCO2/kWh
2013606 gCO2/kWh
2014597 gCO2/kWh
2015573 gCO2/kWh
2016588 gCO2/kWh
2017583 gCO2/kWh
2018574 gCO2/kWh
2019511 gCO2/kWh
2020404 gCO2/kWh
2021450 gCO2/kWh
2022487 gCO2/kWh
2023395 gCO2/kWh
2024344 gCO2/kWh
2025319 gCO2/kWh

Every Year

YearGenerationDemandNet importsCarbon intensityLow carbon share
2025 6.14 TWh 8.85 TWh 2.71 TWh 319 gCO2/kWh 59.8%
2024 6.25 TWh 9.17 TWh 2.92 TWh 344 gCO2/kWh 55.7%
2023 5.74 TWh 9.04 TWh 3.30 TWh 395 gCO2/kWh 48.8%
2022 8.94 TWh 9.95 TWh 1.01 TWh 487 gCO2/kWh 32.0%
2021 7.19 TWh 9.82 TWh 2.63 TWh 450 gCO2/kWh 39.9%
2020 6.08 TWh 9.72 TWh 3.64 TWh 404 gCO2/kWh 48.9%
2019 7.61 TWh 9.77 TWh 2.16 TWh 511 gCO2/kWh 28.1%
2018 12.4 TWh 10.5 TWh -1.90 TWh 574 gCO2/kWh 16.1%
2017 13.2 TWh 10.4 TWh -2.73 TWh 583 gCO2/kWh 14.1%
2016 12.2 TWh 10.1 TWh -2.04 TWh 588 gCO2/kWh 13.1%
2015 10.2 TWh 9.23 TWh -920 GWh 573 gCO2/kWh 15.4%
2014 12.5 TWh 9.70 TWh -2.75 TWh 597 gCO2/kWh 11.2%
2013 13.3 TWh 9.69 TWh -3.59 TWh 606 gCO2/kWh 9.3%
2012 12.0 TWh 9.72 TWh -2.24 TWh 592 gCO2/kWh 12.3%
2011 12.9 TWh 9.33 TWh -3.56 TWh 605 gCO2/kWh 9.2%
2010 13.0 TWh 9.72 TWh -3.25 TWh 610 gCO2/kWh 8.1%
2009 8.78 TWh 8.86 TWh 80.0 GWh 621 gCO2/kWh 6.1%
2008 10.6 TWh 9.64 TWh -940 GWh 634 gCO2/kWh 1.9%
2007 12.2 TWh 9.76 TWh -2.42 TWh 642 gCO2/kWh 1.2%
2006 9.73 TWh 8.98 TWh -750 GWh 632 gCO2/kWh 1.3%
2005 10.2 TWh 8.59 TWh -1.61 TWh 634 gCO2/kWh 1.1%
2004 10.3 TWh 8.52 TWh -1.79 TWh 639 gCO2/kWh 0.6%
2003 10.2 TWh 8.26 TWh -1.90 TWh 639 gCO2/kWh 0.5%
2002 8.53 TWh 7.84 TWh -690 GWh 636 gCO2/kWh 0.4%
2001 8.49 TWh 7.87 TWh -620 GWh 633 gCO2/kWh 0.2%
2000 8.51 TWh 7.58 TWh -930 GWh 634 gCO2/kWh 0.1%
1999 8.27 TWh 7.67 TWh -600 GWh 648 gCO2/kWh 0.1%
1998 8.55 TWh 8.16 TWh -390 GWh 647 gCO2/kWh 0.1%
1997 9.22 TWh 8.25 TWh -970 GWh 648 gCO2/kWh 0.1%
1996 9.09 TWh 8.23 TWh -860 GWh 648 gCO2/kWh 0.0%
1995 8.69 TWh 7.93 TWh -760 GWh 648 gCO2/kWh 0.1%
1994 9.15 TWh 7.96 TWh -1.19 TWh 650 gCO2/kWh 0.0%
1993 9.12 TWh 7.52 TWh -1.60 TWh 653 gCO2/kWh 0.0%
1992 11.8 TWh 8.59 TWh -3.24 TWh 650 gCO2/kWh 0.0%
1991 14.6 TWh 9.86 TWh -4.77 TWh 636 gCO2/kWh 0.0%
1990 17.2 TWh 10.2 TWh -7.00 TWh 640 gCO2/kWh 0.0%

Share of Generation by Source

Percent of total generation
YearCoalGasOther fossilHydroWindSolarBioenergyOther renewables
20250.0%1.3%38.9%0.5%18.6%19.0%21.8%-0.0%
20240.0%1.3%43.1%0.5%16.6%17.1%21.5%0.0%
20230.0%0.4%50.9%0.4%11.9%12.5%24.0%0.0%
20220.0%0.7%67.3%0.2%7.5%6.7%17.6%0.0%
20210.0%0.6%59.5%0.3%10.2%4.9%24.6%0.0%
20200.0%0.5%50.7%0.5%13.8%4.1%30.4%0.0%
20190.0%0.5%71.4%0.3%9.1%0.9%17.9%0.0%
20180.0%0.5%83.4%0.1%5.2%0.2%10.6%0.0%
20170.2%0.5%85.3%0.2%5.5%0.1%8.4%0.0%
20160.0%0.6%86.4%0.3%4.9%0.1%7.8%0.0%
20150.0%0.6%84.0%0.3%7.0%0.0%8.1%0.0%
20140.1%0.6%88.2%0.2%4.8%0.0%6.1%0.0%
20130.1%0.7%90.0%0.2%4.0%0.0%5.0%0.0%
20120.0%1.1%86.6%0.3%3.6%0.0%8.4%0.0%
20110.0%1.9%88.9%0.2%2.9%0.0%6.1%0.0%
20100.0%2.3%89.6%0.2%2.2%0.0%5.7%0.0%
20090.0%1.3%92.6%0.3%2.3%0.0%3.5%0.0%
20080.0%4.0%94.1%0.3%1.2%0.0%0.4%0.0%
20070.0%2.8%96.1%0.2%0.7%0.0%0.3%0.0%
20060.0%5.6%93.1%0.1%0.8%0.0%0.4%0.0%
20050.0%5.3%93.6%0.2%0.5%0.0%0.4%0.0%
20040.0%4.8%94.7%0.2%0.1%0.0%0.3%0.0%
20030.0%4.9%94.6%0.1%0.1%0.0%0.3%0.0%
20020.0%6.2%93.4%0.1%0.0%0.0%0.2%0.0%
20010.0%7.1%92.7%0.1%n/a0.0%0.1%0.0%
20000.0%7.1%92.8%0.0%n/a0.0%0.1%0.0%
19990.0%2.8%97.1%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.1%0.0%
19980.0%3.2%96.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.1%0.0%
19970.0%2.8%97.1%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.1%0.0%
19960.0%3.2%96.8%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
19950.0%3.0%96.9%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.1%0.0%
19940.0%2.4%97.6%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
19930.0%1.4%98.6%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
19920.0%2.5%97.6%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
19910.0%6.6%93.4%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%
19900.0%5.6%94.4%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.