Estonia vs Latvia: Electricity Compared
Estonia generated 6.14 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Latvia 6.23 TWh, according to Ember. Estonia's largest source was other fossil (38.9%); Latvia's was hydro (47.6%). Each kWh generated emitted 319 gCO2/kWh in Estonia and 135 gCO2/kWh in Latvia. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.
Why this comparison: neighbours by land border or interconnector.
Key Facts
- Hydro supplied 47.6% of Latvia's electricity in 2025, against 0.5% in Estonia.
- Estonia's electricity was 2.4 times as carbon intensive as Latvia's in 2025, at 319 gCO2/kWh against 135 gCO2/kWh.
- Electricity demand rose 4% in Latvia between 2020 and 2025, while it fell 9% in Estonia.
- Low carbon sources supplied 59.8% of Estonia's electricity in 2025 and 73.5% of Latvia's.
- Electricity demand in 2025 was 8.85 TWh in Estonia and 7.63 TWh in Latvia.
Key Figures, 2025
Ember annual statistics| Measure | Estonia | Latvia |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 6.14 TWh | 6.23 TWh |
| Electricity demand | 8.85 TWh | 7.63 TWh |
| Demand per person | 6.62 MWh | 4.17 MWh |
| Carbon intensity | 319 gCO2/kWh | 135 gCO2/kWh |
| Power sector emissions | 1.96 MtCO2 | 0.84 MtCO2 |
| Low carbon share | 59.8% | 73.5% |
| Largest source | Other fossil 38.9% | Hydro 47.6% |
Generation Mix, 2025
Share of generationCarbon Intensity, 1990 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh
| Year | Estonia | Latvia |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 640 gCO2/kWh | 153 gCO2/kWh |
| 1991 | 636 gCO2/kWh | 196 gCO2/kWh |
| 1992 | 650 gCO2/kWh | 154 gCO2/kWh |
| 1993 | 653 gCO2/kWh | 151 gCO2/kWh |
| 1994 | 650 gCO2/kWh | 165 gCO2/kWh |
| 1995 | 648 gCO2/kWh | 152 gCO2/kWh |
| 1996 | 648 gCO2/kWh | 231 gCO2/kWh |
| 1997 | 648 gCO2/kWh | 162 gCO2/kWh |
| 1998 | 647 gCO2/kWh | 131 gCO2/kWh |
| 1999 | 648 gCO2/kWh | 164 gCO2/kWh |
| 2000 | 634 gCO2/kWh | 146 gCO2/kWh |
| 2001 | 633 gCO2/kWh | 148 gCO2/kWh |
| 2002 | 636 gCO2/kWh | 166 gCO2/kWh |
| 2003 | 639 gCO2/kWh | 172 gCO2/kWh |
| 2004 | 639 gCO2/kWh | 138 gCO2/kWh |
| 2005 | 634 gCO2/kWh | 130 gCO2/kWh |
| 2006 | 632 gCO2/kWh | 172 gCO2/kWh |
| 2007 | 642 gCO2/kWh | 166 gCO2/kWh |
| 2008 | 634 gCO2/kWh | 159 gCO2/kWh |
| 2009 | 621 gCO2/kWh | 149 gCO2/kWh |
| 2010 | 610 gCO2/kWh | 180 gCO2/kWh |
| 2011 | 605 gCO2/kWh | 196 gCO2/kWh |
| 2012 | 592 gCO2/kWh | 147 gCO2/kWh |
| 2013 | 606 gCO2/kWh | 186 gCO2/kWh |
| 2014 | 597 gCO2/kWh | 204 gCO2/kWh |
| 2015 | 573 gCO2/kWh | 220 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 588 gCO2/kWh | 205 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 583 gCO2/kWh | 141 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 574 gCO2/kWh | 215 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 511 gCO2/kWh | 224 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 404 gCO2/kWh | 176 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 450 gCO2/kWh | 176 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 487 gCO2/kWh | 136 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 395 gCO2/kWh | 120 gCO2/kWh |
| 2024 | 344 gCO2/kWh | 135 gCO2/kWh |
| 2025 | 319 gCO2/kWh | 135 gCO2/kWh |
Demand per Person, 1990 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, MWh
| Year | Estonia | Latvia |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | n/a | n/a |
| 1991 | n/a | n/a |
| 1992 | n/a | n/a |
| 1993 | n/a | n/a |
| 1994 | n/a | n/a |
| 1995 | n/a | n/a |
| 1996 | n/a | n/a |
| 1997 | n/a | n/a |
| 1998 | n/a | n/a |
| 1999 | n/a | n/a |
| 2000 | 5.43 MWh | 2.50 MWh |
| 2001 | 5.67 MWh | 2.63 MWh |
| 2002 | 5.68 MWh | 2.73 MWh |
| 2003 | 6.03 MWh | 2.88 MWh |
| 2004 | 6.25 MWh | 3.00 MWh |
| 2005 | 6.34 MWh | 3.16 MWh |
| 2006 | 6.67 MWh | 3.34 MWh |
| 2007 | 7.28 MWh | 3.53 MWh |
| 2008 | 7.21 MWh | 3.58 MWh |
| 2009 | 6.64 MWh | 3.37 MWh |
| 2010 | 7.30 MWh | 3.58 MWh |
| 2011 | 7.03 MWh | 3.56 MWh |
| 2012 | 7.35 MWh | 3.86 MWh |
| 2013 | 7.35 MWh | 3.76 MWh |
| 2014 | 7.38 MWh | 3.74 MWh |
| 2015 | 7.02 MWh | 3.72 MWh |
| 2016 | 7.70 MWh | 3.80 MWh |
| 2017 | 7.92 MWh | 3.85 MWh |
| 2018 | 7.92 MWh | 3.96 MWh |
| 2019 | 7.36 MWh | 3.95 MWh |
| 2020 | 7.31 MWh | 3.87 MWh |
| 2021 | 7.37 MWh | 4.04 MWh |
| 2022 | 7.37 MWh | 3.90 MWh |
| 2023 | 6.61 MWh | 3.81 MWh |
| 2024 | 6.75 MWh | 3.95 MWh |
| 2025 | 6.62 MWh | 4.17 MWh |
Estonia history · Latvia history
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.