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Built 2026-11-05 (5 November 2026)

Estonia vs Russia: Electricity Compared

Estonia generated 6.14 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Russia 1,194 TWh, according to Ember. Estonia's largest source was other fossil (38.9%); Russia's was gas (45.6%). Each kWh generated emitted 319 gCO2/kWh in Estonia and 447 gCO2/kWh in Russia. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Who is bigger and who is cleaner? Russia is the bigger electricity producer, generating 194.5 times as much as Estonia in 2025 (1,194 TWh against 6.14 TWh). Estonia has the cleaner electricity by carbon intensity, at 319 gCO2/kWh against 447 gCO2/kWh in Russia in 2025.

Why this comparison: neighbours by land border or interconnector.

Open this comparison in the interactive tool to add more countries or change the metric.

Key Facts

  • Gas supplied 45.6% of Russia's electricity in 2025, against 1.3% in Estonia.
  • Electricity demand rose 10% in Russia between 2020 and 2025, while it fell 9% in Estonia.
  • Carbon intensity rose 7% in Russia between 2020 and 2025, while it fell 21% in Estonia.
  • Low carbon sources supplied 59.8% of Estonia's electricity in 2025 and 35.7% of Russia's.
  • Electricity demand in 2025 was 8.85 TWh in Estonia and 1,178 TWh in Russia.

Key Figures, 2025

Ember annual statistics
Measure Estonia Russia
Total generation6.14 TWh1,194 TWh
Electricity demand8.85 TWh1,178 TWh
Demand per person6.62 MWh8.17 MWh
Carbon intensity319 gCO2/kWh447 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions1.96 MtCO2534 MtCO2
Low carbon share59.8%35.7%
Largest sourceOther fossil 38.9%Gas 45.6%

Generation Mix, 2025

Share of generation
Source Estonia Russia
Gas 1.3% 45.6%
Other fossil 38.9% 1.0%
Bioenergy 21.8% 0.1%
Solar 18.9% 0.2%
Wind 18.6% 0.3%
Nuclear 0.0% 18.3%
Coal 0.0% 17.7%
Hydro 0.5% 16.7%

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics
Carbon intensity of electricity in Estonia and Russia, 1985 to 2025 Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Estonia and Russia each year from 1985 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2025 it was 319 gCO2/kWh in Estonia and 447 gCO2/kWh in Russia. 0 200 400 600 800 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Estonia and Russia each year from 1985 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2025 it was 319 gCO2/kWh in Estonia and 447 gCO2/kWh in Russia.
Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh
Carbon intensity of electricity in Estonia and Russia, 1985 to 2025
YearEstoniaRussia
1985n/a492 gCO2/kWh
1986n/a492 gCO2/kWh
1987n/a489 gCO2/kWh
1988n/a486 gCO2/kWh
1989n/a488 gCO2/kWh
1990640 gCO2/kWh496 gCO2/kWh
1991636 gCO2/kWh492 gCO2/kWh
1992650 gCO2/kWh483 gCO2/kWh
1993653 gCO2/kWh473 gCO2/kWh
1994650 gCO2/kWh481 gCO2/kWh
1995648 gCO2/kWh477 gCO2/kWh
1996648 gCO2/kWh482 gCO2/kWh
1997648 gCO2/kWh477 gCO2/kWh
1998647 gCO2/kWh482 gCO2/kWh
1999648 gCO2/kWh468 gCO2/kWh
2000634 gCO2/kWh470 gCO2/kWh
2001633 gCO2/kWh458 gCO2/kWh
2002636 gCO2/kWh463 gCO2/kWh
2003639 gCO2/kWh465 gCO2/kWh
2004639 gCO2/kWh454 gCO2/kWh
2005634 gCO2/kWh457 gCO2/kWh
2006632 gCO2/kWh463 gCO2/kWh
2007642 gCO2/kWh458 gCO2/kWh
2008634 gCO2/kWh475 gCO2/kWh
2009621 gCO2/kWh452 gCO2/kWh
2010610 gCO2/kWh458 gCO2/kWh
2011605 gCO2/kWh461 gCO2/kWh
2012592 gCO2/kWh462 gCO2/kWh
2013606 gCO2/kWh450 gCO2/kWh
2014597 gCO2/kWh449 gCO2/kWh
2015573 gCO2/kWh444 gCO2/kWh
2016588 gCO2/kWh443 gCO2/kWh
2017583 gCO2/kWh440 gCO2/kWh
2018574 gCO2/kWh439 gCO2/kWh
2019511 gCO2/kWh440 gCO2/kWh
2020404 gCO2/kWh418 gCO2/kWh
2021450 gCO2/kWh427 gCO2/kWh
2022487 gCO2/kWh443 gCO2/kWh
2023395 gCO2/kWh447 gCO2/kWh
2024344 gCO2/kWh444 gCO2/kWh
2025319 gCO2/kWh447 gCO2/kWh

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics
Electricity demand per person in Estonia and Russia, 1985 to 2025 Electricity demand per person in Estonia and Russia each year from 1985 to 2025, in MWh. In 2025 it was 6.62 MWh in Estonia and 8.17 MWh in Russia. 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 198519901995200020052010201520202025
Electricity demand per person in Estonia and Russia each year from 1985 to 2025, in MWh. In 2025 it was 6.62 MWh in Estonia and 8.17 MWh in Russia.
Annual statistics through 2025, MWh
Electricity demand per person in Estonia and Russia, 1985 to 2025
YearEstoniaRussia
1985n/an/a
1986n/an/a
1987n/an/a
1988n/an/a
1989n/an/a
1990n/an/a
1991n/an/a
1992n/an/a
1993n/an/a
1994n/an/a
1995n/an/a
1996n/an/a
1997n/an/a
1998n/an/a
1999n/an/a
20005.43 MWh5.89 MWh
20015.67 MWh5.99 MWh
20025.68 MWh6.02 MWh
20036.03 MWh6.19 MWh
20046.25 MWh6.37 MWh
20056.34 MWh6.51 MWh
20066.67 MWh6.78 MWh
20077.28 MWh6.99 MWh
20087.21 MWh7.11 MWh
20096.64 MWh6.80 MWh
20107.30 MWh7.09 MWh
20117.03 MWh7.17 MWh
20127.35 MWh7.30 MWh
20137.35 MWh7.23 MWh
20147.38 MWh7.29 MWh
20157.02 MWh7.27 MWh
20167.70 MWh7.38 MWh
20177.92 MWh7.39 MWh
20187.92 MWh7.49 MWh
20197.36 MWh7.51 MWh
20207.31 MWh7.34 MWh
20217.37 MWh7.79 MWh
20227.37 MWh7.90 MWh
20236.61 MWh7.99 MWh
20246.75 MWh8.24 MWh
20256.62 MWh8.17 MWh

Estonia history · Russia history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

Cite this page
APA 7

World Power Monitor. (2025). Estonia vs Russia: Electricity Compared. https://worldpowermonitor.com/compare/estonia-vs-russia/

Plain text

World Power Monitor. Estonia vs Russia: Electricity Compared. Data as of 2025. Data from Ember. https://worldpowermonitor.com/compare/estonia-vs-russia/

BibTeX 
@misc{wpm_compare_estonia_vs_russia_2025,
  title = {{Estonia vs Russia: Electricity Compared}},
  author = {{World Power Monitor}},
  year = {2025},
  note = {Data as of 2025. Data from Ember.},
  url = {https://worldpowermonitor.com/compare/estonia-vs-russia/}
}

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