India vs Russia: Electricity Compared
India generated 2,084 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Russia 1,194 TWh, according to Ember. India's largest source was coal (70.9%); Russia's was gas (45.6%). Each kWh generated emitted 671 gCO2/kWh in India and 447 gCO2/kWh in Russia. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.
Why this comparison: both among the 20 largest electricity users.
Key Facts
- Coal supplied 70.9% of India's electricity in 2025, against 17.7% in Russia.
- India's electricity was 1.5 times as carbon intensive as Russia's in 2025, at 671 gCO2/kWh against 447 gCO2/kWh.
- Carbon intensity rose 7% in Russia between 2020 and 2025, while it fell 5% in India.
- The average person in Russia used 8.17 MWh of electricity in 2025, 5.8 times as much as in India (1.42 MWh).
- Low carbon sources supplied 26.5% of India's electricity in 2025 and 35.7% of Russia's.
- Electricity demand in 2025 was 2,086 TWh in India and 1,178 TWh in Russia.
Key Figures, 2025
Ember annual statistics| Measure | India | Russia |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 2,084 TWh | 1,194 TWh |
| Electricity demand | 2,086 TWh | 1,178 TWh |
| Demand per person | 1.42 MWh | 8.17 MWh |
| Carbon intensity | 671 gCO2/kWh | 447 gCO2/kWh |
| Power sector emissions | 1,399 MtCO2 | 534 MtCO2 |
| Low carbon share | 26.5% | 35.7% |
| Largest source | Coal 70.9% | Gas 45.6% |
Generation Mix, 2025
Share of generationCarbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh
| Year | India | Russia |
|---|---|---|
| 1985 | 635 gCO2/kWh | 492 gCO2/kWh |
| 1986 | 652 gCO2/kWh | 492 gCO2/kWh |
| 1987 | 690 gCO2/kWh | 489 gCO2/kWh |
| 1988 | 684 gCO2/kWh | 486 gCO2/kWh |
| 1989 | 686 gCO2/kWh | 488 gCO2/kWh |
| 1990 | 679 gCO2/kWh | 496 gCO2/kWh |
| 1991 | 683 gCO2/kWh | 492 gCO2/kWh |
| 1992 | 700 gCO2/kWh | 483 gCO2/kWh |
| 1993 | 713 gCO2/kWh | 473 gCO2/kWh |
| 1994 | 705 gCO2/kWh | 481 gCO2/kWh |
| 1995 | 723 gCO2/kWh | 477 gCO2/kWh |
| 1996 | 738 gCO2/kWh | 482 gCO2/kWh |
| 1997 | 738 gCO2/kWh | 477 gCO2/kWh |
| 1998 | 720 gCO2/kWh | 482 gCO2/kWh |
| 1999 | 729 gCO2/kWh | 468 gCO2/kWh |
| 2000 | 740 gCO2/kWh | 470 gCO2/kWh |
| 2001 | 747 gCO2/kWh | 458 gCO2/kWh |
| 2002 | 756 gCO2/kWh | 463 gCO2/kWh |
| 2003 | 758 gCO2/kWh | 465 gCO2/kWh |
| 2004 | 724 gCO2/kWh | 454 gCO2/kWh |
| 2005 | 734 gCO2/kWh | 457 gCO2/kWh |
| 2006 | 723 gCO2/kWh | 463 gCO2/kWh |
| 2007 | 718 gCO2/kWh | 458 gCO2/kWh |
| 2008 | 733 gCO2/kWh | 475 gCO2/kWh |
| 2009 | 745 gCO2/kWh | 452 gCO2/kWh |
| 2010 | 739 gCO2/kWh | 458 gCO2/kWh |
| 2011 | 722 gCO2/kWh | 461 gCO2/kWh |
| 2012 | 743 gCO2/kWh | 462 gCO2/kWh |
| 2013 | 739 gCO2/kWh | 450 gCO2/kWh |
| 2014 | 743 gCO2/kWh | 449 gCO2/kWh |
| 2015 | 751 gCO2/kWh | 444 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 752 gCO2/kWh | 443 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 743 gCO2/kWh | 440 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 738 gCO2/kWh | 439 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 723 gCO2/kWh | 440 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 710 gCO2/kWh | 418 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 716 gCO2/kWh | 427 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 707 gCO2/kWh | 443 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 714 gCO2/kWh | 447 gCO2/kWh |
| 2024 | 707 gCO2/kWh | 444 gCO2/kWh |
| 2025 | 671 gCO2/kWh | 447 gCO2/kWh |
Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, MWh
| Year | India | Russia |
|---|---|---|
| 1985 | n/a | n/a |
| 1986 | n/a | n/a |
| 1987 | n/a | n/a |
| 1988 | n/a | n/a |
| 1989 | n/a | n/a |
| 1990 | n/a | n/a |
| 1991 | n/a | n/a |
| 1992 | n/a | n/a |
| 1993 | n/a | n/a |
| 1994 | n/a | n/a |
| 1995 | n/a | n/a |
| 1996 | n/a | n/a |
| 1997 | n/a | n/a |
| 1998 | n/a | n/a |
| 1999 | n/a | n/a |
| 2000 | 0.54 MWh | 5.89 MWh |
| 2001 | 0.55 MWh | 5.99 MWh |
| 2002 | 0.56 MWh | 6.02 MWh |
| 2003 | 0.57 MWh | 6.19 MWh |
| 2004 | 0.62 MWh | 6.37 MWh |
| 2005 | 0.61 MWh | 6.51 MWh |
| 2006 | 0.64 MWh | 6.78 MWh |
| 2007 | 0.67 MWh | 6.99 MWh |
| 2008 | 0.69 MWh | 7.11 MWh |
| 2009 | 0.72 MWh | 6.80 MWh |
| 2010 | 0.76 MWh | 7.09 MWh |
| 2011 | 0.82 MWh | 7.17 MWh |
| 2012 | 0.86 MWh | 7.30 MWh |
| 2013 | 0.88 MWh | 7.23 MWh |
| 2014 | 0.96 MWh | 7.29 MWh |
| 2015 | 0.99 MWh | 7.27 MWh |
| 2016 | 1.04 MWh | 7.38 MWh |
| 2017 | 1.07 MWh | 7.39 MWh |
| 2018 | 1.14 MWh | 7.49 MWh |
| 2019 | 1.15 MWh | 7.51 MWh |
| 2020 | 1.12 MWh | 7.34 MWh |
| 2021 | 1.19 MWh | 7.79 MWh |
| 2022 | 1.27 MWh | 7.90 MWh |
| 2023 | 1.33 MWh | 7.99 MWh |
| 2024 | 1.40 MWh | 8.24 MWh |
| 2025 | 1.42 MWh | 8.17 MWh |
India history · Russia history
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.