India vs Pakistan: Electricity Compared

India generated 2,084 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Pakistan 171 TWh, according to Ember. India's largest source was coal (70.9%); Pakistan's was hydro (23.1%). Each kWh generated emitted 671 gCO2/kWh in India and 308 gCO2/kWh in Pakistan. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Why this comparison: neighbours by land border or interconnector.

Key Facts

Coal supplied 70.9% of India's electricity in 2025, against 14.5% in Pakistan.
India's electricity was 2.2 times as carbon intensive as Pakistan's in 2025, at 671 gCO2/kWh against 308 gCO2/kWh.
The average person in India used 1.42 MWh of electricity in 2025, 2.0 times as much as in Pakistan (0.70 MWh).
Low carbon sources supplied 26.5% of India's electricity in 2025 and 61.0% of Pakistan's.
Electricity demand in 2025 was 2,086 TWh in India and 172 TWh in Pakistan.

Key Figures, 2025

Ember annual statistics

Measure	India	Pakistan
Total generation	2,084 TWh	171 TWh
Electricity demand	2,086 TWh	172 TWh
Demand per person	1.42 MWh	0.70 MWh
Carbon intensity	671 gCO2/kWh	308 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions	1,399 MtCO2	52.7 MtCO2
Low carbon share	26.5%	61.0%
Largest source	Coal 70.9%	Hydro 23.1%

Generation Mix, 2025

Share of generation

Source	India	Pakistan
Coal	70.9%	14.5%
Hydro	8.5%	23.1%
Gas	2.3%	23.0%
Solar	9.3%	21.4%
Nuclear	2.6%	14.0%
Wind	5.0%	2.2%
Other fossil	0.2%	1.5%
Bioenergy	1.1%	0.4%

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Carbon intensity of electricity generated in India and Pakistan each year from 1985 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2025 it was 671 gCO2/kWh in India and 308 gCO2/kWh in Pakistan.

Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity in India and Pakistan, 1985 to 2025
Year	India	Pakistan
1985	635 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1986	652 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1987	690 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1988	684 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1989	686 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1990	679 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1991	683 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1992	700 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1993	713 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1994	705 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1995	723 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1996	738 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1997	738 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1998	720 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1999	729 gCO2/kWh	n/a
2000	740 gCO2/kWh	500 gCO2/kWh
2001	747 gCO2/kWh	484 gCO2/kWh
2002	756 gCO2/kWh	466 gCO2/kWh
2003	758 gCO2/kWh	442 gCO2/kWh
2004	724 gCO2/kWh	462 gCO2/kWh
2005	734 gCO2/kWh	442 gCO2/kWh
2006	723 gCO2/kWh	443 gCO2/kWh
2007	718 gCO2/kWh	457 gCO2/kWh
2008	733 gCO2/kWh	459 gCO2/kWh
2009	745 gCO2/kWh	458 gCO2/kWh
2010	739 gCO2/kWh	430 gCO2/kWh
2011	722 gCO2/kWh	443 gCO2/kWh
2012	743 gCO2/kWh	432 gCO2/kWh
2013	739 gCO2/kWh	436 gCO2/kWh
2014	743 gCO2/kWh	433 gCO2/kWh
2015	751 gCO2/kWh	432 gCO2/kWh
2016	752 gCO2/kWh	457 gCO2/kWh
2017	743 gCO2/kWh	486 gCO2/kWh
2018	738 gCO2/kWh	485 gCO2/kWh
2019	723 gCO2/kWh	469 gCO2/kWh
2020	710 gCO2/kWh	464 gCO2/kWh
2021	716 gCO2/kWh	453 gCO2/kWh
2022	707 gCO2/kWh	401 gCO2/kWh
2023	714 gCO2/kWh	365 gCO2/kWh
2024	707 gCO2/kWh	334 gCO2/kWh
2025	671 gCO2/kWh	308 gCO2/kWh

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Electricity demand per person in India and Pakistan each year from 1985 to 2025, in MWh. In 2025 it was 1.42 MWh in India and 0.70 MWh in Pakistan.

Annual statistics through 2025, MWh

Electricity demand per person in India and Pakistan, 1985 to 2025
Year	India	Pakistan
1985	n/a	n/a
1986	n/a	n/a
1987	n/a	n/a
1988	n/a	n/a
1989	n/a	n/a
1990	n/a	n/a
1991	n/a	n/a
1992	n/a	n/a
1993	n/a	n/a
1994	n/a	n/a
1995	n/a	n/a
1996	n/a	n/a
1997	n/a	n/a
1998	n/a	n/a
1999	n/a	n/a
2000	0.54 MWh	0.43 MWh
2001	0.55 MWh	0.45 MWh
2002	0.56 MWh	0.46 MWh
2003	0.57 MWh	0.49 MWh
2004	0.62 MWh	0.50 MWh
2005	0.61 MWh	0.54 MWh
2006	0.64 MWh	0.56 MWh
2007	0.67 MWh	0.52 MWh
2008	0.69 MWh	0.49 MWh
2009	0.72 MWh	0.50 MWh
2010	0.76 MWh	0.48 MWh
2011	0.82 MWh	0.47 MWh
2012	0.86 MWh	0.47 MWh
2013	0.88 MWh	0.50 MWh
2014	0.96 MWh	0.51 MWh
2015	0.99 MWh	0.52 MWh
2016	1.04 MWh	0.56 MWh
2017	1.07 MWh	0.59 MWh
2018	1.14 MWh	0.57 MWh
2019	1.15 MWh	0.59 MWh
2020	1.12 MWh	0.58 MWh
2021	1.19 MWh	0.62 MWh
2022	1.27 MWh	0.63 MWh
2023	1.33 MWh	0.60 MWh
2024	1.40 MWh	0.63 MWh
2025	1.42 MWh	0.70 MWh

India history · Pakistan history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

India vs Pakistan: Electricity Compared

Key Facts

Key Figures, 2025

Generation Mix, 2025

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

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