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Page built 2026-09-19
Data as of 2025
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Built 2026-09-19 (19 September 2026)

India Electricity History, 1985 to 2025

India generated 186 TWh of electricity in 1985 and 2,084 TWh in 2025. India's electricity demand peaked at 2,086 TWh in 2025. The carbon intensity of India's electricity went from 635 gCO2/kWh in 1985 to 671 gCO2/kWh in 2025. Figures are Ember annual statistics; Ember's series for India starts in 1985.

Key Facts

  • India generated 186 TWh of electricity in 1985 and 2,084 TWh in 2025.
  • India's electricity demand peaked at 2,086 TWh in 2025.
  • The carbon intensity of India's electricity went from 635 gCO2/kWh in 1985 to 671 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
  • India's lowest carbon intensity on record was 635 gCO2/kWh, in 1985.
  • Hydro's share of India's electricity went from 27.8% in 1985 to 8.5% in 2025, the largest change of any source.

Generation and Demand

1985 to 2025, TWh
India electricity generation and demand, 1985 to 2025 India generated 186 TWh of electricity in 1985 and 2,084 TWh in 2025. 0 625 1,250 1,875 2,500 198519901995200020052010201520202025
India generated 186 TWh of electricity in 1985 and 2,084 TWh in 2025.
Annual statistics through 2025, TWh
India electricity generation and demand, 1985 to 2025
YearGenerationDemand
1985186 TWh186 TWh
1986203 TWh203 TWh
1987224 TWh224 TWh
1988241 TWh241 TWh
1989272 TWh272 TWh
1990288 TWh288 TWh
1991320 TWh320 TWh
1992337 TWh337 TWh
1993362 TWh362 TWh
1994388 TWh388 TWh
1995427 TWh427 TWh
1996443 TWh443 TWh
1997469 TWh469 TWh
1998505 TWh505 TWh
1999547 TWh547 TWh
2000571 TWh573 TWh
2001586 TWh587 TWh
2002610 TWh611 TWh
2003638 TWh640 TWh
2004698 TWh700 TWh
2005705 TWh706 TWh
2006744 TWh747 TWh
2007796 TWh801 TWh
2008828 TWh834 TWh
2009879 TWh884 TWh
2010936 TWh942 TWh
20111,032 TWh1,037 TWh
20121,088 TWh1,093 TWh
20131,141 TWh1,145 TWh
20141,259 TWh1,259 TWh
20151,311 TWh1,311 TWh
20161,395 TWh1,394 TWh
20171,462 TWh1,461 TWh
20181,572 TWh1,568 TWh
20191,601 TWh1,598 TWh
20201,562 TWh1,562 TWh
20211,677 TWh1,677 TWh
20221,803 TWh1,802 TWh
20231,917 TWh1,915 TWh
20242,035 TWh2,033 TWh
20252,084 TWh2,086 TWh

Carbon Intensity

gCO2 per kWh generated
India carbon intensity of electricity, 1985 to 2025 The carbon intensity of India's electricity went from 635 gCO2/kWh in 1985 to 671 gCO2/kWh in 2025. 0 200 400 600 800 198519901995200020052010201520202025
The carbon intensity of India's electricity went from 635 gCO2/kWh in 1985 to 671 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
Annual statistics through 2025
India carbon intensity of electricity, 1985 to 2025
YearCarbon intensity
1985635 gCO2/kWh
1986652 gCO2/kWh
1987690 gCO2/kWh
1988684 gCO2/kWh
1989686 gCO2/kWh
1990679 gCO2/kWh
1991683 gCO2/kWh
1992700 gCO2/kWh
1993713 gCO2/kWh
1994705 gCO2/kWh
1995723 gCO2/kWh
1996738 gCO2/kWh
1997738 gCO2/kWh
1998720 gCO2/kWh
1999729 gCO2/kWh
2000740 gCO2/kWh
2001747 gCO2/kWh
2002756 gCO2/kWh
2003758 gCO2/kWh
2004724 gCO2/kWh
2005734 gCO2/kWh
2006723 gCO2/kWh
2007718 gCO2/kWh
2008733 gCO2/kWh
2009745 gCO2/kWh
2010739 gCO2/kWh
2011722 gCO2/kWh
2012743 gCO2/kWh
2013739 gCO2/kWh
2014743 gCO2/kWh
2015751 gCO2/kWh
2016752 gCO2/kWh
2017743 gCO2/kWh
2018738 gCO2/kWh
2019723 gCO2/kWh
2020710 gCO2/kWh
2021716 gCO2/kWh
2022707 gCO2/kWh
2023714 gCO2/kWh
2024707 gCO2/kWh
2025671 gCO2/kWh

Every Year

YearGenerationDemandNet importsCarbon intensityLow carbon share
2025 2,084 TWh 2,086 TWh 1.22 TWh 671 gCO2/kWh 26.5%
2024 2,035 TWh 2,033 TWh -2.30 TWh 707 gCO2/kWh 22.4%
2023 1,917 TWh 1,915 TWh -2.06 TWh 714 gCO2/kWh 21.7%
2022 1,803 TWh 1,802 TWh -1.73 TWh 707 gCO2/kWh 22.7%
2021 1,677 TWh 1,677 TWh -30.0 GWh 716 gCO2/kWh 21.3%
2020 1,562 TWh 1,562 TWh -110 GWh 710 gCO2/kWh 21.8%
2019 1,601 TWh 1,598 TWh -3.14 TWh 723 gCO2/kWh 20.4%
2018 1,572 TWh 1,568 TWh -3.84 TWh 738 gCO2/kWh 18.8%
2017 1,462 TWh 1,461 TWh -1.59 TWh 743 gCO2/kWh 18.0%
2016 1,395 TWh 1,394 TWh -1.09 TWh 752 gCO2/kWh 17.2%
2015 1,311 TWh 1,311 TWh 90.0 GWh 751 gCO2/kWh 17.5%
2014 1,259 TWh 1,259 TWh 570 GWh 743 gCO2/kWh 18.5%
2013 1,141 TWh 1,145 TWh 3.95 TWh 739 gCO2/kWh 19.0%
2012 1,088 TWh 1,093 TWh 4.64 TWh 743 gCO2/kWh 17.9%
2011 1,032 TWh 1,037 TWh 5.12 TWh 722 gCO2/kWh 19.8%
2010 936 TWh 942 TWh 5.55 TWh 739 gCO2/kWh 17.6%
2009 879 TWh 884 TWh 5.30 TWh 745 gCO2/kWh 17.1%
2008 828 TWh 834 TWh 5.84 TWh 733 gCO2/kWh 18.6%
2007 796 TWh 801 TWh 4.94 TWh 718 gCO2/kWh 20.1%
2006 744 TWh 747 TWh 2.74 TWh 723 gCO2/kWh 19.5%
2005 705 TWh 706 TWh 1.55 TWh 734 gCO2/kWh 17.8%
2004 698 TWh 700 TWh 1.70 TWh 724 gCO2/kWh 18.7%
2003 638 TWh 640 TWh 1.69 TWh 758 gCO2/kWh 14.5%
2002 610 TWh 611 TWh 1.35 TWh 756 gCO2/kWh 15.1%
2001 586 TWh 587 TWh 1.29 TWh 747 gCO2/kWh 16.2%
2000 571 TWh 573 TWh 1.30 TWh 740 gCO2/kWh 16.8%
1999 547 TWh 547 TWh n/a 729 gCO2/kWh 17.9%
1998 505 TWh 505 TWh n/a 720 gCO2/kWh 19.3%
1997 469 TWh 469 TWh n/a 738 gCO2/kWh 17.5%
1996 443 TWh 443 TWh n/a 738 gCO2/kWh 17.9%
1995 427 TWh 427 TWh n/a 723 gCO2/kWh 19.8%
1994 388 TWh 388 TWh n/a 705 gCO2/kWh 22.1%
1993 362 TWh 362 TWh n/a 713 gCO2/kWh 21.3%
1992 337 TWh 337 TWh n/a 700 gCO2/kWh 22.8%
1991 320 TWh 320 TWh n/a 683 gCO2/kWh 24.8%
1990 288 TWh 288 TWh n/a 679 gCO2/kWh 25.3%
1989 272 TWh 272 TWh n/a 686 gCO2/kWh 24.7%
1988 241 TWh 241 TWh n/a 684 gCO2/kWh 25.2%
1987 224 TWh 224 TWh n/a 690 gCO2/kWh 24.3%
1986 203 TWh 203 TWh n/a 652 gCO2/kWh 28.4%
1985 186 TWh 186 TWh n/a 635 gCO2/kWh 30.2%

Share of Generation by Source

Percent of total generation
YearCoalGasOther fossilNuclearHydroWindSolarBioenergy
202570.9%2.3%0.2%2.6%8.5%5.0%9.3%1.1%
202474.6%2.8%0.2%2.7%7.7%4.0%7.0%1.1%
202375.4%2.7%0.2%2.5%7.8%4.3%6.0%1.2%
202274.6%2.6%0.2%2.6%9.7%3.9%5.3%1.3%
202174.9%3.6%0.2%2.6%9.6%4.1%3.8%1.3%
202073.2%4.8%0.2%2.9%10.5%3.9%3.3%1.3%
201974.9%4.5%0.2%2.8%10.1%4.0%2.3%1.2%
201876.3%4.5%0.4%2.5%8.9%3.8%2.4%1.2%
201776.3%5.1%0.6%2.6%9.3%3.6%1.5%1.0%
201677.0%5.2%0.7%2.7%9.2%3.1%0.9%1.2%
201576.8%4.9%0.7%2.9%10.2%2.5%0.5%1.4%
201475.5%5.1%0.9%2.8%11.0%2.7%0.4%1.7%
201374.3%5.8%0.9%2.9%11.6%2.6%0.3%1.5%
201272.3%8.8%0.9%3.0%10.6%2.5%0.2%1.5%
201167.9%11.4%0.9%3.1%12.8%2.3%0.1%1.5%
201068.7%12.6%1.2%2.5%11.6%2.1%0.0%1.4%
200969.6%11.9%1.5%1.9%12.1%1.9%0.0%1.2%
200869.2%10.4%1.8%1.8%13.9%1.7%0.0%1.1%
200767.0%11.3%1.7%2.2%15.4%1.5%0.0%0.9%
200667.9%10.0%2.6%2.4%15.1%1.3%0.0%0.8%
200567.9%10.7%3.6%2.5%13.8%0.9%0.0%0.6%
200466.3%11.0%4.1%3.0%14.4%0.8%0.0%0.5%
200369.2%11.4%4.9%2.8%10.9%0.4%0.0%0.4%
200270.0%10.3%4.6%3.2%11.2%0.3%0.0%0.4%
200169.7%9.5%4.6%3.2%12.3%0.4%0.0%0.4%
200068.3%9.8%5.1%2.8%13.5%0.3%0.0%0.3%
199966.8%10.8%4.5%2.3%15.0%0.3%0.0%0.3%
199866.6%9.9%4.2%2.3%16.6%0.2%0.0%0.3%
199769.5%8.6%4.5%2.2%15.0%0.2%0.0%0.2%
199670.5%7.2%4.5%1.9%15.6%0.2%0.0%0.2%
199569.4%6.9%3.9%1.8%17.8%0.1%0.0%0.1%
199468.2%5.6%4.1%1.3%20.7%0.1%0.0%0.1%
199369.8%4.9%3.9%1.7%19.5%0.0%0.0%0.1%
199268.0%4.8%4.4%1.9%20.8%0.0%0.0%0.0%
199166.8%4.2%4.2%1.7%23.1%0.0%0.0%0.0%
199066.6%3.5%4.6%2.2%23.1%0.0%0.0%0.0%
198967.9%2.7%4.7%1.5%23.3%0.0%0.0%0.0%
198868.3%1.5%5.1%2.5%22.6%0.0%0.0%0.0%
198768.3%1.9%5.5%2.4%21.9%0.0%0.0%0.0%
198664.1%1.8%5.7%2.5%25.9%0.0%0.0%0.0%
198562.3%1.2%6.4%2.4%27.8%0.0%0.0%0.0%

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.