India vs Turkey: Electricity Compared
India generated 2,084 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Turkey 354 TWh, according to Ember. Coal was the largest source in both, at 70.9% in India and 34.3% in Turkey. Each kWh generated emitted 671 gCO2/kWh in India and 476 gCO2/kWh in Turkey. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.
Why this comparison: both among the 20 largest electricity users.
Key Facts
- Coal supplied 70.9% of India's electricity in 2025, against 34.3% in Turkey.
- The average person in Turkey used 4.01 MWh of electricity in 2025, 2.8 times as much as in India (1.42 MWh).
- Low carbon sources supplied 26.5% of India's electricity in 2025 and 43.3% of Turkey's.
- Electricity demand in 2025 was 2,086 TWh in India and 352 TWh in Turkey.
Key Figures, 2025
Ember annual statistics| Measure | India | Turkey |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 2,084 TWh | 354 TWh |
| Electricity demand | 2,086 TWh | 352 TWh |
| Demand per person | 1.42 MWh | 4.01 MWh |
| Carbon intensity | 671 gCO2/kWh | 476 gCO2/kWh |
| Power sector emissions | 1,399 MtCO2 | 168 MtCO2 |
| Low carbon share | 26.5% | 43.3% |
| Largest source | Coal 70.9% | Coal 34.3% |
Generation Mix, 2025
Share of generation| Source | India | Turkey |
|---|---|---|
| Coal | 70.9% | 34.3% |
| Gas | 2.3% | 22.1% |
| Hydro | 8.5% | 16.2% |
| Wind | 5.0% | 11.1% |
| Solar | 9.3% | 10.5% |
| Other renewables | 0.0% | 3.0% |
| Nuclear | 2.6% | 0.0% |
| Bioenergy | 1.1% | 2.4% |
| Other fossil | 0.2% | 0.3% |
Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh
| Year | India | Turkey |
|---|---|---|
| 1985 | 635 gCO2/kWh | n/a |
| 1986 | 652 gCO2/kWh | n/a |
| 1987 | 690 gCO2/kWh | n/a |
| 1988 | 684 gCO2/kWh | n/a |
| 1989 | 686 gCO2/kWh | n/a |
| 1990 | 679 gCO2/kWh | 526 gCO2/kWh |
| 1991 | 683 gCO2/kWh | 539 gCO2/kWh |
| 1992 | 700 gCO2/kWh | 539 gCO2/kWh |
| 1993 | 713 gCO2/kWh | 481 gCO2/kWh |
| 1994 | 705 gCO2/kWh | 537 gCO2/kWh |
| 1995 | 723 gCO2/kWh | 505 gCO2/kWh |
| 1996 | 738 gCO2/kWh | 496 gCO2/kWh |
| 1997 | 738 gCO2/kWh | 519 gCO2/kWh |
| 1998 | 720 gCO2/kWh | 519 gCO2/kWh |
| 1999 | 729 gCO2/kWh | 557 gCO2/kWh |
| 2000 | 740 gCO2/kWh | 574 gCO2/kWh |
| 2001 | 747 gCO2/kWh | 605 gCO2/kWh |
| 2002 | 756 gCO2/kWh | 536 gCO2/kWh |
| 2003 | 758 gCO2/kWh | 525 gCO2/kWh |
| 2004 | 724 gCO2/kWh | 494 gCO2/kWh |
| 2005 | 734 gCO2/kWh | 544 gCO2/kWh |
| 2006 | 723 gCO2/kWh | 538 gCO2/kWh |
| 2007 | 718 gCO2/kWh | 578 gCO2/kWh |
| 2008 | 733 gCO2/kWh | 593 gCO2/kWh |
| 2009 | 745 gCO2/kWh | 577 gCO2/kWh |
| 2010 | 739 gCO2/kWh | 525 gCO2/kWh |
| 2011 | 722 gCO2/kWh | 541 gCO2/kWh |
| 2012 | 743 gCO2/kWh | 528 gCO2/kWh |
| 2013 | 739 gCO2/kWh | 510 gCO2/kWh |
| 2014 | 743 gCO2/kWh | 567 gCO2/kWh |
| 2015 | 751 gCO2/kWh | 505 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 752 gCO2/kWh | 523 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 743 gCO2/kWh | 535 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 738 gCO2/kWh | 543 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 723 gCO2/kWh | 490 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 710 gCO2/kWh | 484 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 716 gCO2/kWh | 502 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 707 gCO2/kWh | 489 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 714 gCO2/kWh | 495 gCO2/kWh |
| 2024 | 707 gCO2/kWh | 471 gCO2/kWh |
| 2025 | 671 gCO2/kWh | 476 gCO2/kWh |
Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, MWh
| Year | India | Turkey |
|---|---|---|
| 1985 | n/a | n/a |
| 1986 | n/a | n/a |
| 1987 | n/a | n/a |
| 1988 | n/a | n/a |
| 1989 | n/a | n/a |
| 1990 | n/a | n/a |
| 1991 | n/a | n/a |
| 1992 | n/a | n/a |
| 1993 | n/a | n/a |
| 1994 | n/a | n/a |
| 1995 | n/a | n/a |
| 1996 | n/a | n/a |
| 1997 | n/a | n/a |
| 1998 | n/a | n/a |
| 1999 | n/a | n/a |
| 2000 | 0.54 MWh | 1.95 MWh |
| 2001 | 0.55 MWh | 1.91 MWh |
| 2002 | 0.56 MWh | 1.96 MWh |
| 2003 | 0.57 MWh | 2.07 MWh |
| 2004 | 0.62 MWh | 2.17 MWh |
| 2005 | 0.61 MWh | 2.32 MWh |
| 2006 | 0.64 MWh | 2.49 MWh |
| 2007 | 0.67 MWh | 2.69 MWh |
| 2008 | 0.69 MWh | 2.77 MWh |
| 2009 | 0.72 MWh | 2.68 MWh |
| 2010 | 0.76 MWh | 2.87 MWh |
| 2011 | 0.82 MWh | 3.10 MWh |
| 2012 | 0.86 MWh | 3.22 MWh |
| 2013 | 0.88 MWh | 3.22 MWh |
| 2014 | 0.96 MWh | 3.30 MWh |
| 2015 | 0.99 MWh | 3.32 MWh |
| 2016 | 1.04 MWh | 3.42 MWh |
| 2017 | 1.07 MWh | 3.57 MWh |
| 2018 | 1.14 MWh | 3.55 MWh |
| 2019 | 1.15 MWh | 3.51 MWh |
| 2020 | 1.12 MWh | 3.50 MWh |
| 2021 | 1.19 MWh | 3.76 MWh |
| 2022 | 1.27 MWh | 3.71 MWh |
| 2023 | 1.33 MWh | 3.71 MWh |
| 2024 | 1.40 MWh | 3.89 MWh |
| 2025 | 1.42 MWh | 4.01 MWh |
India history · Turkey history
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.