Russia vs United Kingdom: Electricity Compared
Russia generated 1,194 TWh of electricity in 2025 and the United Kingdom 295 TWh, according to Ember. Gas was the largest source in both, at 45.6% in Russia and 31.2% in the United Kingdom. Each kWh generated emitted 447 gCO2/kWh in Russia and 222 gCO2/kWh in the United Kingdom. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.
Why this comparison: both among the 20 largest electricity users.
Key Facts
- Wind supplied 29.2% of the United Kingdom's electricity in 2025, against 0.3% in Russia.
- Russia's electricity was 2.0 times as carbon intensive as the United Kingdom's in 2025, at 447 gCO2/kWh against 222 gCO2/kWh.
- Electricity demand rose 10% in Russia between 2020 and 2025, while it fell 4% in the United Kingdom.
- Carbon intensity rose 7% in Russia between 2020 and 2025, while it fell 8% in the United Kingdom.
- Low carbon sources supplied 35.7% of Russia's electricity in 2025 and 63.8% of the United Kingdom's.
- Electricity demand in 2025 was 1,178 TWh in Russia and 313 TWh in the United Kingdom.
Key Figures, 2025
Ember annual statistics| Measure | Russia | United Kingdom |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 1,194 TWh | 295 TWh |
| Electricity demand | 1,178 TWh | 313 TWh |
| Demand per person | 8.17 MWh | 4.62 MWh |
| Carbon intensity | 447 gCO2/kWh | 222 gCO2/kWh |
| Power sector emissions | 534 MtCO2 | 65.5 MtCO2 |
| Low carbon share | 35.7% | 63.8% |
| Largest source | Gas 45.6% | Gas 31.2% |
Generation Mix, 2025
Share of generationCarbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh
| Year | Russia | United Kingdom |
|---|---|---|
| 1985 | 492 gCO2/kWh | 694 gCO2/kWh |
| 1986 | 492 gCO2/kWh | 721 gCO2/kWh |
| 1987 | 489 gCO2/kWh | 737 gCO2/kWh |
| 1988 | 486 gCO2/kWh | 710 gCO2/kWh |
| 1989 | 488 gCO2/kWh | 689 gCO2/kWh |
| 1990 | 496 gCO2/kWh | 705 gCO2/kWh |
| 1991 | 492 gCO2/kWh | 700 gCO2/kWh |
| 1992 | 483 gCO2/kWh | 665 gCO2/kWh |
| 1993 | 473 gCO2/kWh | 608 gCO2/kWh |
| 1994 | 481 gCO2/kWh | 589 gCO2/kWh |
| 1995 | 477 gCO2/kWh | 579 gCO2/kWh |
| 1996 | 482 gCO2/kWh | 557 gCO2/kWh |
| 1997 | 477 gCO2/kWh | 512 gCO2/kWh |
| 1998 | 482 gCO2/kWh | 510 gCO2/kWh |
| 1999 | 468 gCO2/kWh | 492 gCO2/kWh |
| 2000 | 470 gCO2/kWh | 522 gCO2/kWh |
| 2001 | 458 gCO2/kWh | 529 gCO2/kWh |
| 2002 | 463 gCO2/kWh | 521 gCO2/kWh |
| 2003 | 465 gCO2/kWh | 537 gCO2/kWh |
| 2004 | 454 gCO2/kWh | 536 gCO2/kWh |
| 2005 | 457 gCO2/kWh | 535 gCO2/kWh |
| 2006 | 463 gCO2/kWh | 559 gCO2/kWh |
| 2007 | 458 gCO2/kWh | 556 gCO2/kWh |
| 2008 | 475 gCO2/kWh | 554 gCO2/kWh |
| 2009 | 452 gCO2/kWh | 505 gCO2/kWh |
| 2010 | 458 gCO2/kWh | 517 gCO2/kWh |
| 2011 | 461 gCO2/kWh | 500 gCO2/kWh |
| 2012 | 462 gCO2/kWh | 537 gCO2/kWh |
| 2013 | 450 gCO2/kWh | 507 gCO2/kWh |
| 2014 | 449 gCO2/kWh | 463 gCO2/kWh |
| 2015 | 444 gCO2/kWh | 398 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 443 gCO2/kWh | 333 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 440 gCO2/kWh | 302 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 439 gCO2/kWh | 286 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 440 gCO2/kWh | 268 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 418 gCO2/kWh | 243 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 427 gCO2/kWh | 267 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 443 gCO2/kWh | 255 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 447 gCO2/kWh | 236 gCO2/kWh |
| 2024 | 444 gCO2/kWh | 216 gCO2/kWh |
| 2025 | 447 gCO2/kWh | 222 gCO2/kWh |
Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, MWh
| Year | Russia | United Kingdom |
|---|---|---|
| 1985 | n/a | n/a |
| 1986 | n/a | n/a |
| 1987 | n/a | n/a |
| 1988 | n/a | n/a |
| 1989 | n/a | n/a |
| 1990 | n/a | n/a |
| 1991 | n/a | n/a |
| 1992 | n/a | n/a |
| 1993 | n/a | n/a |
| 1994 | n/a | n/a |
| 1995 | n/a | n/a |
| 1996 | n/a | n/a |
| 1997 | n/a | n/a |
| 1998 | n/a | n/a |
| 1999 | n/a | n/a |
| 2000 | 5.89 MWh | 6.63 MWh |
| 2001 | 5.99 MWh | 6.67 MWh |
| 2002 | 6.02 MWh | 6.65 MWh |
| 2003 | 6.19 MWh | 6.69 MWh |
| 2004 | 6.37 MWh | 6.67 MWh |
| 2005 | 6.51 MWh | 6.71 MWh |
| 2006 | 6.78 MWh | 6.63 MWh |
| 2007 | 6.99 MWh | 6.53 MWh |
| 2008 | 7.11 MWh | 6.45 MWh |
| 2009 | 6.80 MWh | 6.07 MWh |
| 2010 | 7.09 MWh | 6.11 MWh |
| 2011 | 7.17 MWh | 5.89 MWh |
| 2012 | 7.30 MWh | 5.87 MWh |
| 2013 | 7.23 MWh | 5.79 MWh |
| 2014 | 7.29 MWh | 5.53 MWh |
| 2015 | 7.27 MWh | 5.51 MWh |
| 2016 | 7.38 MWh | 5.42 MWh |
| 2017 | 7.39 MWh | 5.32 MWh |
| 2018 | 7.49 MWh | 5.29 MWh |
| 2019 | 7.51 MWh | 5.19 MWh |
| 2020 | 7.34 MWh | 4.88 MWh |
| 2021 | 7.79 MWh | 4.92 MWh |
| 2022 | 7.90 MWh | 4.70 MWh |
| 2023 | 7.99 MWh | 4.60 MWh |
| 2024 | 8.24 MWh | 4.59 MWh |
| 2025 | 8.17 MWh | 4.62 MWh |
Russia history · United Kingdom history
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.