Russia vs Ukraine: Electricity Compared

Russia generated 1,167 TWh of electricity in 2022 and Ukraine 112 TWh, according to Ember. Russia's largest source was gas (43.8%); Ukraine's was nuclear (55.8%). Each kWh generated emitted 443 gCO2/kWh in Russia and 251 gCO2/kWh in Ukraine. These are Ember annual statistics for 2022, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Ember's latest annual figures for Ukraine are for 2022, while Russia has figures to 2025, so this comparison uses 2022 for both.

Why this comparison: neighbours by land border or interconnector.

Key Facts

Gas supplied 43.8% of Russia's electricity in 2022, against 6.4% in Ukraine.
Russia's electricity was 1.8 times as carbon intensive as Ukraine's in 2022, at 443 gCO2/kWh against 251 gCO2/kWh.
Electricity demand rose 6% in Russia between 2017 and 2022, while it fell 26% in Ukraine.
The average person in Russia used 7.90 MWh of electricity in 2022, 2.9 times as much as in Ukraine (2.72 MWh).
Low carbon sources supplied 36.8% of Russia's electricity in 2022 and 72.2% of Ukraine's.
Electricity demand in 2022 was 1,151 TWh in Russia and 112 TWh in Ukraine.

Key Figures, 2022

Ember annual statistics

Measure	Russia	Ukraine
Total generation	1,167 TWh	112 TWh
Electricity demand	1,151 TWh	112 TWh
Demand per person	7.90 MWh	2.72 MWh
Carbon intensity	443 gCO2/kWh	251 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions	517 MtCO2	27.9 MtCO2
Low carbon share	36.8%	72.2%
Largest source	Gas 43.8%	Nuclear 55.8%

Generation Mix, 2022

Share of generation

Source	Russia	Ukraine
Nuclear	19.2%	55.8%
Gas	43.8%	6.4%
Coal	18.3%	20.9%
Hydro	16.9%	9.9%
Solar	0.2%	4.6%
Wind	0.4%	1.3%
Other fossil	1.3%	0.5%
Bioenergy	0.1%	0.7%

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Carbon intensity of electricity generated in Russia and Ukraine each year from 1985 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2022 it was 443 gCO2/kWh in Russia and 251 gCO2/kWh in Ukraine.

Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity in Russia and Ukraine, 1985 to 2025
Year	Russia	Ukraine
1985	492 gCO2/kWh	617 gCO2/kWh
1986	492 gCO2/kWh	649 gCO2/kWh
1987	489 gCO2/kWh	635 gCO2/kWh
1988	486 gCO2/kWh	579 gCO2/kWh
1989	488 gCO2/kWh	598 gCO2/kWh
1990	496 gCO2/kWh	576 gCO2/kWh
1991	492 gCO2/kWh	561 gCO2/kWh
1992	483 gCO2/kWh	565 gCO2/kWh
1993	473 gCO2/kWh	520 gCO2/kWh
1994	481 gCO2/kWh	505 gCO2/kWh
1995	477 gCO2/kWh	490 gCO2/kWh
1996	482 gCO2/kWh	429 gCO2/kWh
1997	477 gCO2/kWh	417 gCO2/kWh
1998	482 gCO2/kWh	395 gCO2/kWh
1999	468 gCO2/kWh	416 gCO2/kWh
2000	470 gCO2/kWh	403 gCO2/kWh
2001	458 gCO2/kWh	409 gCO2/kWh
2002	463 gCO2/kWh	414 gCO2/kWh
2003	465 gCO2/kWh	411 gCO2/kWh
2004	454 gCO2/kWh	368 gCO2/kWh
2005	457 gCO2/kWh	375 gCO2/kWh
2006	463 gCO2/kWh	404 gCO2/kWh
2007	458 gCO2/kWh	416 gCO2/kWh
2008	475 gCO2/kWh	418 gCO2/kWh
2009	452 gCO2/kWh	410 gCO2/kWh
2010	458 gCO2/kWh	410 gCO2/kWh
2011	461 gCO2/kWh	428 gCO2/kWh
2012	462 gCO2/kWh	442 gCO2/kWh
2013	450 gCO2/kWh	449 gCO2/kWh
2014	449 gCO2/kWh	418 gCO2/kWh
2015	444 gCO2/kWh	380 gCO2/kWh
2016	443 gCO2/kWh	409 gCO2/kWh
2017	440 gCO2/kWh	347 gCO2/kWh
2018	439 gCO2/kWh	349 gCO2/kWh
2019	440 gCO2/kWh	342 gCO2/kWh
2020	418 gCO2/kWh	325 gCO2/kWh
2021	427 gCO2/kWh	279 gCO2/kWh
2022	443 gCO2/kWh	251 gCO2/kWh
2023	447 gCO2/kWh	n/a
2024	444 gCO2/kWh	n/a
2025	447 gCO2/kWh	n/a

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Electricity demand per person in Russia and Ukraine each year from 1985 to 2025, in MWh. In 2022 it was 7.90 MWh in Russia and 2.72 MWh in Ukraine.

Annual statistics through 2025, MWh

Electricity demand per person in Russia and Ukraine, 1985 to 2025
Year	Russia	Ukraine
1985	n/a	n/a
1986	n/a	n/a
1987	n/a	n/a
1988	n/a	n/a
1989	n/a	n/a
1990	n/a	n/a
1991	n/a	n/a
1992	n/a	n/a
1993	n/a	n/a
1994	n/a	n/a
1995	n/a	n/a
1996	n/a	n/a
1997	n/a	n/a
1998	n/a	n/a
1999	n/a	n/a
2000	5.89 MWh	3.39 MWh
2001	5.99 MWh	3.47 MWh
2002	6.02 MWh	3.51 MWh
2003	6.19 MWh	3.64 MWh
2004	6.37 MWh	3.69 MWh
2005	6.51 MWh	3.74 MWh
2006	6.78 MWh	3.87 MWh
2007	6.99 MWh	3.98 MWh
2008	7.11 MWh	3.97 MWh
2009	6.80 MWh	3.63 MWh
2010	7.09 MWh	3.98 MWh
2011	7.17 MWh	4.07 MWh
2012	7.30 MWh	4.06 MWh
2013	7.23 MWh	4.00 MWh
2014	7.29 MWh	3.79 MWh
2015	7.27 MWh	3.55 MWh
2016	7.38 MWh	3.53 MWh
2017	7.39 MWh	3.32 MWh
2018	7.49 MWh	3.40 MWh
2019	7.51 MWh	3.34 MWh
2020	7.34 MWh	3.25 MWh
2021	7.79 MWh	3.49 MWh
2022	7.90 MWh	2.72 MWh
2023	7.99 MWh	n/a
2024	8.24 MWh	n/a
2025	8.17 MWh	n/a

Russia history · Ukraine history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2022.

Russia vs Ukraine: Electricity Compared

Key Facts

Key Figures, 2022

Generation Mix, 2022

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

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