Poland vs Ukraine: Electricity Compared
Poland generated 179 TWh of electricity in 2022 and Ukraine 112 TWh, according to Ember. Poland's largest source was coal (69.8%); Ukraine's was nuclear (55.8%). Each kWh generated emitted 733 gCO2/kWh in Poland and 251 gCO2/kWh in Ukraine. These are Ember annual statistics for 2022, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.
Ember's latest annual figures for Ukraine are for 2022, while Poland has figures to 2025, so this comparison uses 2022 for both.
Why this comparison: neighbours by land border or interconnector.
Key Facts
- Nuclear supplied 55.8% of Ukraine's electricity in 2022, against none in Poland.
- Poland's electricity was 2.9 times as carbon intensive as Ukraine's in 2022, at 733 gCO2/kWh against 251 gCO2/kWh.
- Low carbon sources supplied 21.1% of Poland's electricity in 2022 and 72.2% of Ukraine's.
- Electricity demand in 2022 was 177 TWh in Poland and 112 TWh in Ukraine.
Key Figures, 2022
Ember annual statistics| Measure | Poland | Ukraine |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 179 TWh | 112 TWh |
| Electricity demand | 177 TWh | 112 TWh |
| Demand per person | 4.61 MWh | 2.72 MWh |
| Carbon intensity | 733 gCO2/kWh | 251 gCO2/kWh |
| Power sector emissions | 131 MtCO2 | 27.9 MtCO2 |
| Low carbon share | 21.1% | 72.2% |
| Largest source | Coal 69.8% | Nuclear 55.8% |
Generation Mix, 2022
Share of generationCarbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh
| Year | Poland | Ukraine |
|---|---|---|
| 1985 | n/a | 617 gCO2/kWh |
| 1986 | n/a | 649 gCO2/kWh |
| 1987 | n/a | 635 gCO2/kWh |
| 1988 | n/a | 579 gCO2/kWh |
| 1989 | n/a | 598 gCO2/kWh |
| 1990 | 967 gCO2/kWh | 576 gCO2/kWh |
| 1991 | 968 gCO2/kWh | 561 gCO2/kWh |
| 1992 | 967 gCO2/kWh | 565 gCO2/kWh |
| 1993 | 967 gCO2/kWh | 520 gCO2/kWh |
| 1994 | 964 gCO2/kWh | 505 gCO2/kWh |
| 1995 | 962 gCO2/kWh | 490 gCO2/kWh |
| 1996 | 961 gCO2/kWh | 429 gCO2/kWh |
| 1997 | 959 gCO2/kWh | 417 gCO2/kWh |
| 1998 | 957 gCO2/kWh | 395 gCO2/kWh |
| 1999 | 957 gCO2/kWh | 416 gCO2/kWh |
| 2000 | 955 gCO2/kWh | 403 gCO2/kWh |
| 2001 | 950 gCO2/kWh | 409 gCO2/kWh |
| 2002 | 946 gCO2/kWh | 414 gCO2/kWh |
| 2003 | 950 gCO2/kWh | 411 gCO2/kWh |
| 2004 | 941 gCO2/kWh | 368 gCO2/kWh |
| 2005 | 932 gCO2/kWh | 375 gCO2/kWh |
| 2006 | 932 gCO2/kWh | 404 gCO2/kWh |
| 2007 | 925 gCO2/kWh | 416 gCO2/kWh |
| 2008 | 919 gCO2/kWh | 418 gCO2/kWh |
| 2009 | 905 gCO2/kWh | 410 gCO2/kWh |
| 2010 | 893 gCO2/kWh | 410 gCO2/kWh |
| 2011 | 882 gCO2/kWh | 428 gCO2/kWh |
| 2012 | 861 gCO2/kWh | 442 gCO2/kWh |
| 2013 | 863 gCO2/kWh | 449 gCO2/kWh |
| 2014 | 844 gCO2/kWh | 418 gCO2/kWh |
| 2015 | 826 gCO2/kWh | 380 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 819 gCO2/kWh | 409 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 806 gCO2/kWh | 347 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 809 gCO2/kWh | 349 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 772 gCO2/kWh | 342 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 738 gCO2/kWh | 325 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 756 gCO2/kWh | 279 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 733 gCO2/kWh | 251 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 651 gCO2/kWh | n/a |
| 2024 | 608 gCO2/kWh | n/a |
| 2025 | 591 gCO2/kWh | n/a |
Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, MWh
| Year | Poland | Ukraine |
|---|---|---|
| 1985 | n/a | n/a |
| 1986 | n/a | n/a |
| 1987 | n/a | n/a |
| 1988 | n/a | n/a |
| 1989 | n/a | n/a |
| 1990 | n/a | n/a |
| 1991 | n/a | n/a |
| 1992 | n/a | n/a |
| 1993 | n/a | n/a |
| 1994 | n/a | n/a |
| 1995 | n/a | n/a |
| 1996 | n/a | n/a |
| 1997 | n/a | n/a |
| 1998 | n/a | n/a |
| 1999 | n/a | n/a |
| 2000 | 3.58 MWh | 3.39 MWh |
| 2001 | 3.58 MWh | 3.47 MWh |
| 2002 | 3.54 MWh | 3.51 MWh |
| 2003 | 3.66 MWh | 3.64 MWh |
| 2004 | 3.75 MWh | 3.69 MWh |
| 2005 | 3.78 MWh | 3.74 MWh |
| 2006 | 3.93 MWh | 3.87 MWh |
| 2007 | 4.03 MWh | 3.98 MWh |
| 2008 | 4.05 MWh | 3.97 MWh |
| 2009 | 3.91 MWh | 3.63 MWh |
| 2010 | 4.08 MWh | 3.98 MWh |
| 2011 | 4.13 MWh | 4.07 MWh |
| 2012 | 4.15 MWh | 4.06 MWh |
| 2013 | 4.16 MWh | 4.00 MWh |
| 2014 | 4.20 MWh | 3.79 MWh |
| 2015 | 4.29 MWh | 3.55 MWh |
| 2016 | 4.39 MWh | 3.53 MWh |
| 2017 | 4.50 MWh | 3.32 MWh |
| 2018 | 4.58 MWh | 3.40 MWh |
| 2019 | 4.55 MWh | 3.34 MWh |
| 2020 | 4.47 MWh | 3.25 MWh |
| 2021 | 4.72 MWh | 3.49 MWh |
| 2022 | 4.61 MWh | 2.72 MWh |
| 2023 | 4.37 MWh | n/a |
| 2024 | 4.52 MWh | n/a |
| 2025 | 4.55 MWh | n/a |
Poland history · Ukraine history
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2022.