Poland vs Sweden: Electricity Compared
Poland generated 172 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Sweden 171 TWh, according to Ember. Poland's largest source was coal (50.6%); Sweden's was hydro (40.0%). Each kWh generated emitted 591 gCO2/kWh in Poland and 35 gCO2/kWh in Sweden. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.
Why this comparison: neighbours by land border or interconnector and similar electricity demand on the same continent.
Key Facts
- Coal supplied 50.6% of Poland's electricity in 2025, against none in Sweden.
- Poland's electricity was 16.7 times as carbon intensive as Sweden's in 2025, at 591 gCO2/kWh against 35 gCO2/kWh.
- The average person in Sweden used 12.83 MWh of electricity in 2025, 2.8 times as much as in Poland (4.55 MWh).
- Low carbon sources supplied 31.2% of Poland's electricity in 2025 and 98.8% of Sweden's.
- Electricity demand in 2025 was 173 TWh in Poland and 137 TWh in Sweden.
Key Figures, 2025
Ember annual statistics| Measure | Poland | Sweden |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 172 TWh | 171 TWh |
| Electricity demand | 173 TWh | 137 TWh |
| Demand per person | 4.55 MWh | 12.83 MWh |
| Carbon intensity | 591 gCO2/kWh | 35 gCO2/kWh |
| Power sector emissions | 102 MtCO2 | 6.03 MtCO2 |
| Low carbon share | 31.2% | 98.8% |
| Largest source | Coal 50.6% | Hydro 40.0% |
Generation Mix, 2025
Share of generation| Source | Poland | Sweden |
|---|---|---|
| Coal | 50.6% | 0.0% |
| Hydro | 1.0% | 40.0% |
| Nuclear | 0.0% | 27.5% |
| Wind | 13.9% | 22.8% |
| Gas | 14.4% | 0.1% |
| Solar | 11.3% | 2.6% |
| Bioenergy | 4.9% | 5.9% |
| Other fossil | 3.7% | 1.2% |
| Other renewables | 0.1% | 0.0% |
Carbon Intensity, 1990 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh
| Year | Poland | Sweden |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 967 gCO2/kWh | 33 gCO2/kWh |
| 1991 | 968 gCO2/kWh | 41 gCO2/kWh |
| 1992 | 967 gCO2/kWh | 46 gCO2/kWh |
| 1993 | 967 gCO2/kWh | 51 gCO2/kWh |
| 1994 | 964 gCO2/kWh | 57 gCO2/kWh |
| 1995 | 962 gCO2/kWh | 54 gCO2/kWh |
| 1996 | 961 gCO2/kWh | 79 gCO2/kWh |
| 1997 | 959 gCO2/kWh | 52 gCO2/kWh |
| 1998 | 957 gCO2/kWh | 49 gCO2/kWh |
| 1999 | 957 gCO2/kWh | 50 gCO2/kWh |
| 2000 | 955 gCO2/kWh | 45 gCO2/kWh |
| 2001 | 950 gCO2/kWh | 47 gCO2/kWh |
| 2002 | 946 gCO2/kWh | 56 gCO2/kWh |
| 2003 | 950 gCO2/kWh | 69 gCO2/kWh |
| 2004 | 941 gCO2/kWh | 48 gCO2/kWh |
| 2005 | 932 gCO2/kWh | 43 gCO2/kWh |
| 2006 | 932 gCO2/kWh | 50 gCO2/kWh |
| 2007 | 925 gCO2/kWh | 46 gCO2/kWh |
| 2008 | 919 gCO2/kWh | 48 gCO2/kWh |
| 2009 | 905 gCO2/kWh | 51 gCO2/kWh |
| 2010 | 893 gCO2/kWh | 64 gCO2/kWh |
| 2011 | 882 gCO2/kWh | 52 gCO2/kWh |
| 2012 | 861 gCO2/kWh | 45 gCO2/kWh |
| 2013 | 863 gCO2/kWh | 45 gCO2/kWh |
| 2014 | 844 gCO2/kWh | 40 gCO2/kWh |
| 2015 | 826 gCO2/kWh | 41 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 819 gCO2/kWh | 43 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 806 gCO2/kWh | 42 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 809 gCO2/kWh | 43 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 772 gCO2/kWh | 42 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 738 gCO2/kWh | 39 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 756 gCO2/kWh | 42 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 733 gCO2/kWh | 41 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 651 gCO2/kWh | 38 gCO2/kWh |
| 2024 | 608 gCO2/kWh | 35 gCO2/kWh |
| 2025 | 591 gCO2/kWh | 35 gCO2/kWh |
Demand per Person, 1990 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, MWh
| Year | Poland | Sweden |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | n/a | n/a |
| 1991 | n/a | n/a |
| 1992 | n/a | n/a |
| 1993 | n/a | n/a |
| 1994 | n/a | n/a |
| 1995 | n/a | n/a |
| 1996 | n/a | n/a |
| 1997 | n/a | n/a |
| 1998 | n/a | n/a |
| 1999 | n/a | n/a |
| 2000 | 3.58 MWh | 16.90 MWh |
| 2001 | 3.58 MWh | 17.35 MWh |
| 2002 | 3.54 MWh | 17.04 MWh |
| 2003 | 3.66 MWh | 16.55 MWh |
| 2004 | 3.75 MWh | 16.62 MWh |
| 2005 | 3.78 MWh | 16.72 MWh |
| 2006 | 3.93 MWh | 16.44 MWh |
| 2007 | 4.03 MWh | 16.41 MWh |
| 2008 | 4.05 MWh | 16.05 MWh |
| 2009 | 3.91 MWh | 15.20 MWh |
| 2010 | 4.08 MWh | 16.05 MWh |
| 2011 | 4.13 MWh | 15.14 MWh |
| 2012 | 4.15 MWh | 15.43 MWh |
| 2013 | 4.16 MWh | 14.90 MWh |
| 2014 | 4.20 MWh | 14.23 MWh |
| 2015 | 4.29 MWh | 14.23 MWh |
| 2016 | 4.39 MWh | 14.53 MWh |
| 2017 | 4.50 MWh | 14.44 MWh |
| 2018 | 4.58 MWh | 14.36 MWh |
| 2019 | 4.55 MWh | 13.84 MWh |
| 2020 | 4.47 MWh | 13.40 MWh |
| 2021 | 4.72 MWh | 14.04 MWh |
| 2022 | 4.61 MWh | 13.33 MWh |
| 2023 | 4.37 MWh | 13.04 MWh |
| 2024 | 4.52 MWh | 13.08 MWh |
| 2025 | 4.55 MWh | 12.83 MWh |
Poland history · Sweden history
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.