Netherlands vs Sweden: Electricity Compared

The Netherlands generated 135 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Sweden 171 TWh, according to Ember. The Netherlands' largest source was gas (34.9%); Sweden's was hydro (40.0%). Each kWh generated emitted 254 gCO2/kWh in the Netherlands and 35 gCO2/kWh in Sweden. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Why this comparison: similar electricity demand on the same continent.

Key Facts

Hydro supplied 40.0% of Sweden's electricity in 2025, against 0.1% in the Netherlands.
The Netherlands' electricity was 7.2 times as carbon intensive as Sweden's in 2025, at 254 gCO2/kWh against 35 gCO2/kWh.
Low carbon sources supplied 54.2% of the Netherlands' electricity in 2025 and 98.8% of Sweden's.
Electricity demand in 2025 was 121 TWh in the Netherlands and 137 TWh in Sweden.

Key Figures, 2025

Ember annual statistics

Measure	Netherlands	Sweden
Total generation	135 TWh	171 TWh
Electricity demand	121 TWh	137 TWh
Demand per person	6.60 MWh	12.83 MWh
Carbon intensity	254 gCO2/kWh	35 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions	34.3 MtCO2	6.03 MtCO2
Low carbon share	54.2%	98.8%
Largest source	Gas 34.9%	Hydro 40.0%

Generation Mix, 2025

Share of generation

Source	Netherlands	Sweden
Hydro	0.1%	40.0%
Gas	34.9%	0.1%
Nuclear	3.0%	27.5%
Wind	25.0%	22.8%
Solar	21.1%	2.6%
Coal	7.1%	0.0%
Bioenergy	5.1%	5.9%
Other fossil	3.9%	1.2%

Carbon Intensity, 1990 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Carbon intensity of electricity generated in the Netherlands and Sweden each year from 1990 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2025 it was 254 gCO2/kWh in the Netherlands and 35 gCO2/kWh in Sweden.

Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity in Netherlands and Sweden, 1990 to 2025
Year	Netherlands	Sweden
1990	588 gCO2/kWh	33 gCO2/kWh
1991	567 gCO2/kWh	41 gCO2/kWh
1992	557 gCO2/kWh	46 gCO2/kWh
1993	548 gCO2/kWh	51 gCO2/kWh
1994	562 gCO2/kWh	57 gCO2/kWh
1995	579 gCO2/kWh	54 gCO2/kWh
1996	559 gCO2/kWh	79 gCO2/kWh
1997	557 gCO2/kWh	52 gCO2/kWh
1998	555 gCO2/kWh	49 gCO2/kWh
1999	533 gCO2/kWh	50 gCO2/kWh
2000	540 gCO2/kWh	45 gCO2/kWh
2001	541 gCO2/kWh	47 gCO2/kWh
2002	539 gCO2/kWh	56 gCO2/kWh
2003	541 gCO2/kWh	69 gCO2/kWh
2004	523 gCO2/kWh	48 gCO2/kWh
2005	512 gCO2/kWh	43 gCO2/kWh
2006	511 gCO2/kWh	50 gCO2/kWh
2007	510 gCO2/kWh	46 gCO2/kWh
2008	494 gCO2/kWh	48 gCO2/kWh
2009	487 gCO2/kWh	51 gCO2/kWh
2010	478 gCO2/kWh	64 gCO2/kWh
2011	472 gCO2/kWh	52 gCO2/kWh
2012	494 gCO2/kWh	45 gCO2/kWh
2013	501 gCO2/kWh	45 gCO2/kWh
2014	521 gCO2/kWh	40 gCO2/kWh
2015	551 gCO2/kWh	41 gCO2/kWh
2016	525 gCO2/kWh	43 gCO2/kWh
2017	490 gCO2/kWh	42 gCO2/kWh
2018	467 gCO2/kWh	43 gCO2/kWh
2019	410 gCO2/kWh	42 gCO2/kWh
2020	343 gCO2/kWh	39 gCO2/kWh
2021	352 gCO2/kWh	42 gCO2/kWh
2022	326 gCO2/kWh	41 gCO2/kWh
2023	268 gCO2/kWh	38 gCO2/kWh
2024	251 gCO2/kWh	35 gCO2/kWh
2025	254 gCO2/kWh	35 gCO2/kWh

Demand per Person, 1990 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Electricity demand per person in the Netherlands and Sweden each year from 1990 to 2025, in MWh. In 2025 it was 6.60 MWh in the Netherlands and 12.83 MWh in Sweden.

Annual statistics through 2025, MWh

Electricity demand per person in Netherlands and Sweden, 1990 to 2025
Year	Netherlands	Sweden
1990	n/a	n/a
1991	n/a	n/a
1992	n/a	n/a
1993	n/a	n/a
1994	n/a	n/a
1995	n/a	n/a
1996	n/a	n/a
1997	n/a	n/a
1998	n/a	n/a
1999	n/a	n/a
2000	6.66 MWh	16.90 MWh
2001	6.76 MWh	17.35 MWh
2002	6.82 MWh	17.04 MWh
2003	6.87 MWh	16.55 MWh
2004	7.07 MWh	16.62 MWh
2005	7.10 MWh	16.72 MWh
2006	7.21 MWh	16.44 MWh
2007	7.34 MWh	16.41 MWh
2008	7.35 MWh	16.05 MWh
2009	7.03 MWh	15.20 MWh
2010	7.21 MWh	16.05 MWh
2011	7.22 MWh	15.14 MWh
2012	7.06 MWh	15.43 MWh
2013	7.00 MWh	14.90 MWh
2014	6.86 MWh	14.23 MWh
2015	6.88 MWh	14.23 MWh
2016	6.91 MWh	14.53 MWh
2017	6.90 MWh	14.44 MWh
2018	6.95 MWh	14.36 MWh
2019	6.89 MWh	13.84 MWh
2020	6.76 MWh	13.40 MWh
2021	6.83 MWh	14.04 MWh
2022	6.46 MWh	13.33 MWh
2023	6.32 MWh	13.04 MWh
2024	6.48 MWh	13.08 MWh
2025	6.60 MWh	12.83 MWh

Netherlands history · Sweden history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

Netherlands vs Sweden: Electricity Compared

Key Facts

Key Figures, 2025

Generation Mix, 2025

Carbon Intensity, 1990 to 2025

Demand per Person, 1990 to 2025

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