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Data as of 2025
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Built 2026-09-19 (19 September 2026)

Netherlands Electricity History, 1990 to 2025

The Netherlands generated 70.7 TWh of electricity in 1990 and 135 TWh in 2025. The Netherlands' electricity demand peaked at 122 TWh in 2008. The carbon intensity of the Netherlands' electricity went from 588 gCO2/kWh in 1990 to 254 gCO2/kWh in 2025. Figures are Ember annual statistics; Ember's series for Netherlands starts in 1990.

Key Facts

  • The Netherlands generated 70.7 TWh of electricity in 1990 and 135 TWh in 2025.
  • The Netherlands' electricity demand peaked at 122 TWh in 2008.
  • The carbon intensity of the Netherlands' electricity went from 588 gCO2/kWh in 1990 to 254 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
  • The Netherlands' lowest carbon intensity on record was 251 gCO2/kWh, in 2024.
  • Coal's share of the Netherlands' electricity went from 35.4% in 1990 to 7.1% in 2025, the largest change of any source.

Generation and Demand

1990 to 2025, TWh
Netherlands electricity generation and demand, 1990 to 2025 The Netherlands generated 70.7 TWh of electricity in 1990 and 135 TWh in 2025. 0 38 75 113 150 19901995200020052010201520202025
The Netherlands generated 70.7 TWh of electricity in 1990 and 135 TWh in 2025.
Annual statistics through 2025, TWh
Netherlands electricity generation and demand, 1990 to 2025
YearGenerationDemand
199070.7 TWh79.9 TWh
199173.2 TWh82.4 TWh
199275.8 TWh84.5 TWh
199375.9 TWh86.2 TWh
199478.3 TWh88.8 TWh
199579.8 TWh91.2 TWh
199684.1 TWh94.7 TWh
199785.1 TWh97.7 TWh
199889.4 TWh101 TWh
199985.2 TWh104 TWh
200088.1 TWh107 TWh
200192.1 TWh109 TWh
200294.6 TWh111 TWh
200395.5 TWh112 TWh
200499.8 TWh116 TWh
200598.5 TWh117 TWh
200697.5 TWh119 TWh
2007104 TWh121 TWh
2008106 TWh122 TWh
2009112 TWh117 TWh
2010118 TWh121 TWh
2011113 TWh122 TWh
2012102 TWh119 TWh
2013101 TWh119 TWh
2014102 TWh117 TWh
2015109 TWh118 TWh
2016114 TWh119 TWh
2017116 TWh120 TWh
2018113 TWh121 TWh
2019120 TWh121 TWh
2020122 TWh119 TWh
2021121 TWh121 TWh
2022120 TWh116 TWh
2023120 TWh114 TWh
2024122 TWh118 TWh
2025135 TWh121 TWh

Carbon Intensity

gCO2 per kWh generated
Netherlands carbon intensity of electricity, 1990 to 2025 The carbon intensity of the Netherlands' electricity went from 588 gCO2/kWh in 1990 to 254 gCO2/kWh in 2025. 0 150 300 450 600 19901995200020052010201520202025
The carbon intensity of the Netherlands' electricity went from 588 gCO2/kWh in 1990 to 254 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
Annual statistics through 2025
Netherlands carbon intensity of electricity, 1990 to 2025
YearCarbon intensity
1990588 gCO2/kWh
1991567 gCO2/kWh
1992557 gCO2/kWh
1993548 gCO2/kWh
1994562 gCO2/kWh
1995579 gCO2/kWh
1996559 gCO2/kWh
1997557 gCO2/kWh
1998555 gCO2/kWh
1999533 gCO2/kWh
2000540 gCO2/kWh
2001541 gCO2/kWh
2002539 gCO2/kWh
2003541 gCO2/kWh
2004523 gCO2/kWh
2005512 gCO2/kWh
2006511 gCO2/kWh
2007510 gCO2/kWh
2008494 gCO2/kWh
2009487 gCO2/kWh
2010478 gCO2/kWh
2011472 gCO2/kWh
2012494 gCO2/kWh
2013501 gCO2/kWh
2014521 gCO2/kWh
2015551 gCO2/kWh
2016525 gCO2/kWh
2017490 gCO2/kWh
2018467 gCO2/kWh
2019410 gCO2/kWh
2020343 gCO2/kWh
2021352 gCO2/kWh
2022326 gCO2/kWh
2023268 gCO2/kWh
2024251 gCO2/kWh
2025254 gCO2/kWh

Every Year

YearGenerationDemandNet importsCarbon intensityLow carbon share
2025 135 TWh 121 TWh -14.1 TWh 254 gCO2/kWh 54.2%
2024 122 TWh 118 TWh -4.22 TWh 251 gCO2/kWh 53.7%
2023 120 TWh 114 TWh -5.66 TWh 268 gCO2/kWh 50.7%
2022 120 TWh 116 TWh -4.27 TWh 326 gCO2/kWh 43.6%
2021 121 TWh 121 TWh 250 GWh 352 gCO2/kWh 36.6%
2020 122 TWh 119 TWh -2.66 TWh 343 gCO2/kWh 30.2%
2019 120 TWh 121 TWh 860 GWh 410 gCO2/kWh 22.3%
2018 113 TWh 121 TWh 7.97 TWh 467 gCO2/kWh 19.8%
2017 116 TWh 120 TWh 3.51 TWh 490 gCO2/kWh 18.0%
2016 114 TWh 119 TWh 4.91 TWh 525 gCO2/kWh 16.5%
2015 109 TWh 118 TWh 8.75 TWh 551 gCO2/kWh 16.3%
2014 102 TWh 117 TWh 14.7 TWh 521 gCO2/kWh 15.4%
2013 101 TWh 119 TWh 18.2 TWh 501 gCO2/kWh 14.9%
2012 102 TWh 119 TWh 17.1 TWh 494 gCO2/kWh 16.0%
2011 113 TWh 122 TWh 9.09 TWh 472 gCO2/kWh 14.6%
2010 118 TWh 121 TWh 2.78 TWh 478 gCO2/kWh 12.8%
2009 112 TWh 117 TWh 4.89 TWh 487 gCO2/kWh 13.4%
2008 106 TWh 122 TWh 15.9 TWh 494 gCO2/kWh 12.9%
2007 104 TWh 121 TWh 17.6 TWh 510 gCO2/kWh 11.4%
2006 97.5 TWh 119 TWh 21.5 TWh 511 gCO2/kWh 11.8%
2005 98.5 TWh 117 TWh 18.3 TWh 512 gCO2/kWh 11.6%
2004 99.8 TWh 116 TWh 16.2 TWh 523 gCO2/kWh 9.1%
2003 95.5 TWh 112 TWh 17.0 TWh 541 gCO2/kWh 8.4%
2002 94.6 TWh 111 TWh 16.4 TWh 539 gCO2/kWh 8.3%
2001 92.1 TWh 109 TWh 17.3 TWh 541 gCO2/kWh 7.9%
2000 88.1 TWh 107 TWh 18.9 TWh 540 gCO2/kWh 7.8%
1999 85.2 TWh 104 TWh 18.4 TWh 533 gCO2/kWh 7.5%
1998 89.4 TWh 101 TWh 11.8 TWh 555 gCO2/kWh 6.9%
1997 85.1 TWh 97.7 TWh 12.6 TWh 557 gCO2/kWh 5.2%
1996 84.1 TWh 94.7 TWh 10.6 TWh 559 gCO2/kWh 7.1%
1995 79.8 TWh 91.2 TWh 11.4 TWh 579 gCO2/kWh 6.8%
1994 78.3 TWh 88.8 TWh 10.6 TWh 562 gCO2/kWh 6.7%
1993 75.9 TWh 86.2 TWh 10.3 TWh 548 gCO2/kWh 6.7%
1992 75.8 TWh 84.5 TWh 8.68 TWh 557 gCO2/kWh 6.3%
1991 73.2 TWh 82.4 TWh 9.16 TWh 567 gCO2/kWh 5.8%
1990 70.7 TWh 79.9 TWh 9.21 TWh 588 gCO2/kWh 6.1%

Share of Generation by Source

Percent of total generation
YearCoalGasOther fossilNuclearHydroWindSolarBioenergy
20257.1%34.9%3.9%3.0%0.1%25.0%21.1%5.1%
20246.1%36.2%4.0%2.9%0.1%27.4%17.8%5.5%
20237.3%38.4%3.6%3.3%0.1%24.6%16.4%6.4%
202212.3%39.8%4.3%3.5%0.0%18.0%13.9%8.2%
202112.1%46.9%4.4%3.2%0.1%15.0%9.4%9.0%
20206.3%59.5%4.1%3.4%0.0%12.5%7.0%7.3%
201914.7%58.9%4.1%3.3%0.1%9.6%4.5%4.9%
201824.4%51.0%4.9%3.1%0.1%9.3%3.3%4.0%
201727.0%49.8%5.3%2.9%0.1%9.1%1.9%4.0%
201632.3%46.1%5.2%3.5%0.1%7.2%1.4%4.3%
201536.1%42.0%5.5%3.7%0.1%6.9%1.0%4.5%
201428.9%50.5%5.2%4.0%0.1%5.7%0.7%4.9%
201324.5%55.8%4.9%2.9%0.1%5.6%0.4%5.9%
201223.7%55.3%5.0%3.8%0.1%4.9%0.2%7.0%
201119.0%61.7%4.7%3.7%0.1%4.5%0.1%6.3%
201019.1%63.8%4.3%3.4%0.1%3.4%0.1%6.0%
200921.6%61.3%3.7%3.8%0.1%4.1%0.0%5.4%
200822.1%59.7%5.3%3.9%0.1%4.0%0.0%4.8%
200724.0%58.8%5.8%4.1%0.1%3.3%0.0%3.9%
200624.3%58.6%5.2%3.6%0.1%2.8%0.0%5.3%
200523.9%58.5%6.1%4.1%0.1%2.1%0.0%5.3%
200425.0%60.1%5.8%3.8%0.1%1.9%0.0%3.3%
200327.8%57.6%6.2%4.2%0.1%1.4%0.0%2.7%
200227.5%58.4%5.8%4.1%0.1%1.0%0.0%3.1%
200127.7%58.4%6.1%4.3%0.1%0.9%0.0%2.6%
200027.6%58.5%6.1%4.5%0.2%0.9%0.0%2.3%
199925.7%60.1%6.8%4.5%0.1%0.8%0.0%2.1%
199829.6%57.1%6.5%4.3%0.1%0.7%0.0%1.8%
199728.7%59.5%6.6%2.8%0.1%0.6%0.0%1.7%
199630.7%56.0%6.2%5.0%0.1%0.5%0.0%1.6%
199534.3%52.7%6.2%5.0%0.1%0.4%0.0%1.3%
199430.8%55.6%6.9%5.1%0.1%0.3%0.0%1.2%
199328.2%58.1%7.0%5.2%0.1%0.2%0.0%1.1%
199229.8%57.3%6.5%5.0%0.2%0.2%0.0%1.0%
199131.0%56.0%7.2%4.6%0.1%0.1%0.0%1.0%
199035.4%51.7%6.9%5.0%0.1%0.1%0.0%1.0%

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.