China vs Mongolia: Electricity Compared

China generated 10,506 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Mongolia 9.71 TWh, according to Ember. Coal was the largest source in both, at 54.8% in China and 85.7% in Mongolia. Each kWh generated emitted 528 gCO2/kWh in China and 822 gCO2/kWh in Mongolia. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.

Why this comparison: neighbours by land border or interconnector.

Key Facts

Coal supplied 85.7% of Mongolia's electricity in 2025, against 54.8% in China.
Mongolia's electricity was 1.6 times as carbon intensive as China's in 2025, at 822 gCO2/kWh against 528 gCO2/kWh.
The average person in China used 7.46 MWh of electricity in 2025, 2.1 times as much as in Mongolia (3.53 MWh).
Low carbon sources supplied 41.1% of China's electricity in 2025 and 8.5% of Mongolia's.
Electricity demand in 2025 was 10,486 TWh in China and 12.4 TWh in Mongolia.

Key Figures, 2025

Ember annual statistics

Measure	China	Mongolia
Total generation	10,506 TWh	9.71 TWh
Electricity demand	10,486 TWh	12.4 TWh
Demand per person	7.46 MWh	3.53 MWh
Carbon intensity	528 gCO2/kWh	822 gCO2/kWh
Power sector emissions	5,550 MtCO2	7.98 MtCO2
Low carbon share	41.1%	8.5%
Largest source	Coal 54.8%	Coal 85.7%

Generation Mix, 2025

Share of generation

Source	China	Mongolia
Coal	54.8%	85.7%
Hydro	13.3%	0.6%
Solar	11.2%	2.2%
Wind	10.7%	5.7%
Other fossil	0.9%	5.9%
Nuclear	4.6%	0.0%
Gas	3.2%	0.0%
Bioenergy	1.3%	0.0%

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Carbon intensity of electricity generated in China and Mongolia each year from 1985 to 2025, in gCO2/kWh. In 2025 it was 528 gCO2/kWh in China and 822 gCO2/kWh in Mongolia.

Annual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh

Carbon intensity of electricity in China and Mongolia, 1985 to 2025
Year	China	Mongolia
1985	709 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1986	728 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1987	739 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1988	740 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1989	740 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1990	745 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1991	766 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1992	778 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1993	759 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1994	761 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1995	753 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1996	771 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1997	772 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1998	774 gCO2/kWh	n/a
1999	787 gCO2/kWh	n/a
2000	784 gCO2/kWh	911 gCO2/kWh
2001	763 gCO2/kWh	910 gCO2/kWh
2002	773 gCO2/kWh	910 gCO2/kWh
2003	791 gCO2/kWh	910 gCO2/kWh
2004	779 gCO2/kWh	909 gCO2/kWh
2005	782 gCO2/kWh	909 gCO2/kWh
2006	787 gCO2/kWh	908 gCO2/kWh
2007	785 gCO2/kWh	904 gCO2/kWh
2008	747 gCO2/kWh	903 gCO2/kWh
2009	753 gCO2/kWh	899 gCO2/kWh
2010	742 gCO2/kWh	894 gCO2/kWh
2011	754 gCO2/kWh	890 gCO2/kWh
2012	722 gCO2/kWh	891 gCO2/kWh
2013	719 gCO2/kWh	880 gCO2/kWh
2014	696 gCO2/kWh	869 gCO2/kWh
2015	670 gCO2/kWh	869 gCO2/kWh
2016	653 gCO2/kWh	868 gCO2/kWh
2017	646 gCO2/kWh	867 gCO2/kWh
2018	639 gCO2/kWh	844 gCO2/kWh
2019	622 gCO2/kWh	812 gCO2/kWh
2020	609 gCO2/kWh	809 gCO2/kWh
2021	602 gCO2/kWh	802 gCO2/kWh
2022	590 gCO2/kWh	814 gCO2/kWh
2023	586 gCO2/kWh	816 gCO2/kWh
2024	559 gCO2/kWh	817 gCO2/kWh
2025	528 gCO2/kWh	822 gCO2/kWh

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

Ember annual statistics

Electricity demand per person in China and Mongolia each year from 1985 to 2025, in MWh. In 2025 it was 7.46 MWh in China and 3.53 MWh in Mongolia.

Annual statistics through 2025, MWh

Electricity demand per person in China and Mongolia, 1985 to 2025
Year	China	Mongolia
1985	n/a	n/a
1986	n/a	n/a
1987	n/a	n/a
1988	n/a	n/a
1989	n/a	n/a
1990	n/a	n/a
1991	n/a	n/a
1992	n/a	n/a
1993	n/a	n/a
1994	n/a	n/a
1995	n/a	n/a
1996	n/a	n/a
1997	n/a	n/a
1998	n/a	n/a
1999	n/a	n/a
2000	1.06 MWh	1.25 MWh
2001	1.15 MWh	1.27 MWh
2002	1.28 MWh	1.30 MWh
2003	1.47 MWh	1.30 MWh
2004	1.69 MWh	1.35 MWh
2005	1.90 MWh	1.39 MWh
2006	2.17 MWh	1.45 MWh
2007	2.47 MWh	1.50 MWh
2008	2.61 MWh	1.59 MWh
2009	2.76 MWh	1.57 MWh
2010	3.10 MWh	1.69 MWh
2011	3.46 MWh	1.75 MWh
2012	3.63 MWh	1.84 MWh
2013	3.93 MWh	2.17 MWh
2014	4.17 MWh	2.30 MWh
2015	4.16 MWh	2.31 MWh
2016	4.36 MWh	2.33 MWh
2017	4.67 MWh	2.44 MWh
2018	5.04 MWh	2.59 MWh
2019	5.26 MWh	2.67 MWh
2020	5.44 MWh	2.52 MWh
2021	5.97 MWh	2.77 MWh
2022	6.20 MWh	2.90 MWh
2023	6.64 MWh	3.11 MWh
2024	7.10 MWh	3.32 MWh
2025	7.46 MWh	3.53 MWh

China history · Mongolia history

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

China vs Mongolia: Electricity Compared

Key Facts

Key Figures, 2025

Generation Mix, 2025

Carbon Intensity, 1985 to 2025

Demand per Person, 1985 to 2025

Related