Mongolia Electricity: Generation Mix, Demand and Emissions
Mongolia generated 9.71 TWh of electricity in 2025, according to Ember. Coal was the largest source at 85.7%, followed by other fossil (5.9%) and wind (5.7%). Demand was 12.4 TWh and each kWh generated emitted 822 gCO2/kWh. These are annual statistics for 2025, with monthly figures through July 2026; they are compiled from national sources and are not real time.
Key Facts
- Mongolia generated 9.71 TWh of electricity in 2025.
- Coal supplied 85.7% of Mongolia's electricity in 2025.
- Other fossil supplied 5.9% of Mongolia's electricity in 2025.
- Wind supplied 5.7% of Mongolia's electricity in 2025.
- Low carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) supplied 8.5% of Mongolia's generation in 2025.
- The carbon intensity of Mongolia's electricity was 822 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
- Mongolia's carbon intensity in 2025 was 10% lower than in 2000, when it was 911 gCO2/kWh.
- Mongolia had the 79th highest electricity demand among the 93 countries with Ember data for 2025.
Key Figures, 2025
| Measure | Value | As of / source |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 9.71 TWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Electricity demand | 12.4 TWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Demand per person | 3.53 MWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Net imports | 2.72 TWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Carbon intensity | 822 gCO2/kWh | 2025 · Ember |
| Power sector emissions | 7.98 MtCO2 | 2025 · Ember |
| Demand rank (countries with 2025 data) | 79 of 93 | 2025 · Ember |
Generation Mix, 2025
| Source | Generation | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Coal | 8.32 TWh | 85.7% |
| Other fossil | 570 GWh | 5.9% |
| Wind | 550 GWh | 5.7% |
| Solar | 210 GWh | 2.2% |
| Hydro | 60.0 GWh | 0.6% |
Year by Year
Ember annual statistics, 2000 to 2025| Year | Coal | Other fossil | Wind | Solar | Hydro |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 2.85 TWh | 50.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2001 | 2.91 TWh | 60.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2002 | 3.02 TWh | 70.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2003 | 3.04 TWh | 70.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2004 | 3.19 TWh | 90.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2005 | 3.31 TWh | 90.0 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2006 | 3.43 TWh | 100 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2007 | 3.55 TWh | 160 GWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh | 0 TWh |
| 2008 | 3.83 TWh | 160 GWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 0 TWh |
| 2009 | 3.86 TWh | 150 GWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 20.0 GWh |
| 2010 | 4.09 TWh | 180 GWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 40.0 GWh |
| 2011 | 4.24 TWh | 240 GWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 50.0 GWh |
| 2012 | 4.50 TWh | 250 GWh | 0 TWh | 10.0 GWh | 50.0 GWh |
| 2013 | 4.63 TWh | 270 GWh | 50.0 GWh | 10.0 GWh | 60.0 GWh |
| 2014 | 4.93 TWh | 240 GWh | 130 GWh | 10.0 GWh | 70.0 GWh |
| 2015 | 5.06 TWh | 230 GWh | 150 GWh | 10.0 GWh | 60.0 GWh |
| 2016 | 5.23 TWh | 190 GWh | 150 GWh | 10.0 GWh | 90.0 GWh |
| 2017 | 5.50 TWh | 280 GWh | 140 GWh | 30.0 GWh | 80.0 GWh |
| 2018 | 5.83 TWh | 300 GWh | 300 GWh | 60.0 GWh | 80.0 GWh |
| 2019 | 5.88 TWh | 370 GWh | 480 GWh | 120 GWh | 90.0 GWh |
| 2020 | 5.61 TWh | 350 GWh | 480 GWh | 120 GWh | 80.0 GWh |
| 2021 | 6.27 TWh | 340 GWh | 580 GWh | 170 GWh | 80.0 GWh |
| 2022 | 6.65 TWh | 340 GWh | 510 GWh | 190 GWh | 60.0 GWh |
| 2023 | 7.06 TWh | 470 GWh | 510 GWh | 190 GWh | 60.0 GWh |
| 2024 | 7.47 TWh | 570 GWh | 510 GWh | 210 GWh | 60.0 GWh |
| 2025 | 8.32 TWh | 570 GWh | 550 GWh | 210 GWh | 60.0 GWh |
| Year | Generation | Demand | Carbon intensity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 9.71 TWh | 12.4 TWh | 822 gCO2/kWh |
| 2024 | 8.82 TWh | 11.5 TWh | 817 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 8.29 TWh | 10.7 TWh | 816 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 7.75 TWh | 9.83 TWh | 814 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 7.44 TWh | 9.24 TWh | 802 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 6.64 TWh | 8.28 TWh | 809 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 6.94 TWh | 8.64 TWh | 812 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 6.57 TWh | 8.21 TWh | 844 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 6.03 TWh | 7.58 TWh | 867 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 5.67 TWh | 7.08 TWh | 868 gCO2/kWh |
Full year by year history for Mongolia, 2000 to 2025
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.
Month by Month
Ember monthly statistics through July 2026| Month | Demand | Generation |
|---|---|---|
| 2024-08 | 570 GWh | 570 GWh |
| 2024-09 | 640 GWh | 640 GWh |
| 2024-10 | 780 GWh | 780 GWh |
| 2024-11 | 840 GWh | 840 GWh |
| 2024-12 | 910 GWh | 910 GWh |
| 2025-01 | 900 GWh | 900 GWh |
| 2025-02 | 860 GWh | 860 GWh |
| 2025-03 | 900 GWh | 890 GWh |
| 2025-04 | 800 GWh | 800 GWh |
| 2025-05 | 740 GWh | 750 GWh |
| 2025-06 | 620 GWh | 630 GWh |
| 2025-07 | 590 GWh | 600 GWh |
| 2025-08 | 680 GWh | 680 GWh |
| 2025-09 | 680 GWh | 680 GWh |
| 2025-10 | 830 GWh | 830 GWh |
| 2025-11 | 940 GWh | 950 GWh |
| 2025-12 | 1.05 TWh | 1.05 TWh |
| 2026-01 | 980 GWh | 980 GWh |
| 2026-02 | 940 GWh | 940 GWh |
| 2026-03 | 950 GWh | 950 GWh |
| 2026-04 | 820 GWh | 820 GWh |
| 2026-05 | 760 GWh | 760 GWh |
| 2026-06 | 720 GWh | 710 GWh |
| 2026-07 | 690 GWh | 690 GWh |
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of July 2026.
Mongolia Electricity FAQ
What is the main source of electricity in Mongolia?
Coal was the largest source of electricity in Mongolia in 2025, supplying 85.7% of generation, followed by other fossil (5.9%) and wind (5.7%). Figures are Ember annual statistics.
How much electricity does Mongolia use?
Mongolia used 12.4 TWh of electricity in 2025, about 3.53 MWh per person.
How clean is Mongolia's electricity?
Generating a kilowatt hour of electricity in Mongolia emitted 822 gCO2/kWh in 2025, and low carbon sources supplied 8.5% of generation. That is 79% above the world average of 459 gCO2/kWh.
Does Mongolia import electricity?
Yes. Mongolia imported 2.72 TWh more electricity than it exported in 2025.