Croatia vs Serbia: Electricity Compared
Croatia generated 14.7 TWh of electricity in 2025 and Serbia 36.7 TWh, according to Ember. Croatia's largest source was hydro (39.3%); Serbia's was coal (65.0%). Each kWh generated emitted 158 gCO2/kWh in Croatia and 696 gCO2/kWh in Serbia. These are Ember annual statistics for 2025, compiled from national sources; they are not real time.
Why this comparison: neighbours by land border or interconnector.
Key Facts
- Coal supplied 65.0% of Serbia's electricity in 2025, against 5.0% in Croatia.
- Serbia's electricity was 4.4 times as carbon intensive as Croatia's in 2025, at 696 gCO2/kWh against 158 gCO2/kWh.
- Low carbon sources supplied 76.4% of Croatia's electricity in 2025 and 27.8% of Serbia's.
- Electricity demand in 2025 was 20.0 TWh in Croatia and 38.0 TWh in Serbia.
Key Figures, 2025
Ember annual statistics| Measure | Croatia | Serbia |
|---|---|---|
| Total generation | 14.7 TWh | 36.7 TWh |
| Electricity demand | 20.0 TWh | 38.0 TWh |
| Demand per person | 5.20 MWh | 5.68 MWh |
| Carbon intensity | 158 gCO2/kWh | 696 gCO2/kWh |
| Power sector emissions | 2.33 MtCO2 | 25.5 MtCO2 |
| Low carbon share | 76.4% | 27.8% |
| Largest source | Hydro 39.3% | Coal 65.0% |
Generation Mix, 2025
Share of generation| Source | Croatia | Serbia |
|---|---|---|
| Coal | 5.0% | 65.0% |
| Hydro | 39.3% | 22.3% |
| Wind | 21.2% | 4.0% |
| Gas | 18.7% | 6.8% |
| Solar | 8.9% | 0.4% |
| Bioenergy | 6.8% | 1.1% |
| Other fossil | 0.0% | 0.3% |
| Other renewables | 0.1% | 0.0% |
Carbon Intensity, 1990 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, gCO2/kWh
| Year | Croatia | Serbia |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 361 gCO2/kWh | 787 gCO2/kWh |
| 1991 | 242 gCO2/kWh | 724 gCO2/kWh |
| 1992 | 334 gCO2/kWh | 734 gCO2/kWh |
| 1993 | 325 gCO2/kWh | 738 gCO2/kWh |
| 1994 | 218 gCO2/kWh | 720 gCO2/kWh |
| 1995 | 253 gCO2/kWh | 701 gCO2/kWh |
| 1996 | 186 gCO2/kWh | 649 gCO2/kWh |
| 1997 | 283 gCO2/kWh | 704 gCO2/kWh |
| 1998 | 311 gCO2/kWh | 713 gCO2/kWh |
| 1999 | 289 gCO2/kWh | 646 gCO2/kWh |
| 2000 | 303 gCO2/kWh | 700 gCO2/kWh |
| 2001 | 307 gCO2/kWh | 702 gCO2/kWh |
| 2002 | 370 gCO2/kWh | 708 gCO2/kWh |
| 2003 | 414 gCO2/kWh | 750 gCO2/kWh |
| 2004 | 315 gCO2/kWh | 720 gCO2/kWh |
| 2005 | 337 gCO2/kWh | 687 gCO2/kWh |
| 2006 | 347 gCO2/kWh | 724 gCO2/kWh |
| 2007 | 420 gCO2/kWh | 742 gCO2/kWh |
| 2008 | 383 gCO2/kWh | 750 gCO2/kWh |
| 2009 | 302 gCO2/kWh | 734 gCO2/kWh |
| 2010 | 268 gCO2/kWh | 693 gCO2/kWh |
| 2011 | 376 gCO2/kWh | 780 gCO2/kWh |
| 2012 | 353 gCO2/kWh | 752 gCO2/kWh |
| 2013 | 256 gCO2/kWh | 752 gCO2/kWh |
| 2014 | 227 gCO2/kWh | 684 gCO2/kWh |
| 2015 | 275 gCO2/kWh | 744 gCO2/kWh |
| 2016 | 276 gCO2/kWh | 730 gCO2/kWh |
| 2017 | 256 gCO2/kWh | 753 gCO2/kWh |
| 2018 | 202 gCO2/kWh | 710 gCO2/kWh |
| 2019 | 243 gCO2/kWh | 721 gCO2/kWh |
| 2020 | 229 gCO2/kWh | 736 gCO2/kWh |
| 2021 | 210 gCO2/kWh | 666 gCO2/kWh |
| 2022 | 245 gCO2/kWh | 711 gCO2/kWh |
| 2023 | 195 gCO2/kWh | 639 gCO2/kWh |
| 2024 | 171 gCO2/kWh | 668 gCO2/kWh |
| 2025 | 158 gCO2/kWh | 696 gCO2/kWh |
Demand per Person, 1990 to 2025
Ember annual statisticsAnnual statistics through 2025, MWh
| Year | Croatia | Serbia |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | n/a | n/a |
| 1991 | n/a | n/a |
| 1992 | n/a | n/a |
| 1993 | n/a | n/a |
| 1994 | n/a | n/a |
| 1995 | n/a | n/a |
| 1996 | n/a | n/a |
| 1997 | n/a | n/a |
| 1998 | n/a | n/a |
| 1999 | n/a | n/a |
| 2000 | 3.38 MWh | 4.54 MWh |
| 2001 | 3.55 MWh | 4.78 MWh |
| 2002 | 3.65 MWh | 4.95 MWh |
| 2003 | 3.82 MWh | 4.88 MWh |
| 2004 | 3.91 MWh | 4.88 MWh |
| 2005 | 4.05 MWh | 4.50 MWh |
| 2006 | 4.15 MWh | 4.67 MWh |
| 2007 | 4.27 MWh | 4.80 MWh |
| 2008 | 4.36 MWh | 4.95 MWh |
| 2009 | 4.26 MWh | 4.89 MWh |
| 2010 | 4.36 MWh | 5.02 MWh |
| 2011 | 4.29 MWh | 5.12 MWh |
| 2012 | 4.23 MWh | 4.99 MWh |
| 2013 | 4.20 MWh | 5.04 MWh |
| 2014 | 4.12 MWh | 4.84 MWh |
| 2015 | 4.31 MWh | 5.11 MWh |
| 2016 | 4.38 MWh | 5.15 MWh |
| 2017 | 4.59 MWh | 5.27 MWh |
| 2018 | 4.70 MWh | 5.24 MWh |
| 2019 | 4.71 MWh | 5.30 MWh |
| 2020 | 4.52 MWh | 5.29 MWh |
| 2021 | 4.86 MWh | 5.58 MWh |
| 2022 | 4.81 MWh | 5.54 MWh |
| 2023 | 4.88 MWh | 5.48 MWh |
| 2024 | 5.07 MWh | 5.56 MWh |
| 2025 | 5.20 MWh | 5.68 MWh |
Croatia history · Serbia history
Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.