Portugal Electricity History, 1990 to 2025

Portugal generated 28.3 TWh of electricity in 1990 and 51.1 TWh in 2025. Portugal's electricity demand peaked at 60.4 TWh in 2025. The carbon intensity of Portugal's electricity went from 540 gCO2/kWh in 1990 to 128 gCO2/kWh in 2025. Figures are Ember annual statistics; Ember's series for Portugal starts in 1990.

Key Facts

Portugal generated 28.3 TWh of electricity in 1990 and 51.1 TWh in 2025.
Portugal's electricity demand peaked at 60.4 TWh in 2025.
The carbon intensity of Portugal's electricity went from 540 gCO2/kWh in 1990 to 128 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
Portugal's lowest carbon intensity on record was 111 gCO2/kWh, in 2024.
Coal's share of Portugal's electricity went from 32.0% in 1990 to 0.0% in 2025, the largest change of any source.

Generation and Demand

1990 to 2025, TWh

Portugal generated 28.3 TWh of electricity in 1990 and 51.1 TWh in 2025.

Annual statistics through 2025, TWh

Portugal electricity generation and demand, 1990 to 2025
Year	Generation	Demand
1990	28.3 TWh	28.4 TWh
1991	29.7 TWh	29.8 TWh
1992	29.5 TWh	30.8 TWh
1993	30.8 TWh	31.0 TWh
1994	31.1 TWh	32.0 TWh
1995	32.9 TWh	33.8 TWh
1996	34.2 TWh	35.3 TWh
1997	33.9 TWh	36.8 TWh
1998	38.8 TWh	39.0 TWh
1999	42.7 TWh	41.9 TWh
2000	43.2 TWh	44.1 TWh
2001	46.1 TWh	46.3 TWh
2002	45.6 TWh	47.5 TWh
2003	46.4 TWh	49.2 TWh
2004	44.7 TWh	51.2 TWh
2005	46.0 TWh	52.8 TWh
2006	48.4 TWh	53.8 TWh
2007	46.7 TWh	54.2 TWh
2008	45.3 TWh	54.8 TWh
2009	49.4 TWh	54.2 TWh
2010	53.5 TWh	56.1 TWh
2011	51.8 TWh	54.6 TWh
2012	45.4 TWh	53.3 TWh
2013	50.4 TWh	53.1 TWh
2014	51.8 TWh	52.7 TWh
2015	51.1 TWh	53.4 TWh
2016	59.1 TWh	54.0 TWh
2017	57.6 TWh	54.9 TWh
2018	58.4 TWh	55.7 TWh
2019	51.6 TWh	55.0 TWh
2020	51.4 TWh	52.9 TWh
2021	49.2 TWh	54.0 TWh
2022	46.3 TWh	55.6 TWh
2023	46.1 TWh	56.4 TWh
2024	47.3 TWh	57.8 TWh
2025	51.1 TWh	60.4 TWh

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Carbon Intensity

gCO2 per kWh generated

The carbon intensity of Portugal's electricity went from 540 gCO2/kWh in 1990 to 128 gCO2/kWh in 2025.

Annual statistics through 2025

Portugal carbon intensity of electricity, 1990 to 2025
Year	Carbon intensity
1990	540 gCO2/kWh
1991	553 gCO2/kWh
1992	650 gCO2/kWh
1993	582 gCO2/kWh
1994	540 gCO2/kWh
1995	607 gCO2/kWh
1996	482 gCO2/kWh
1997	513 gCO2/kWh
1998	515 gCO2/kWh
1999	607 gCO2/kWh
2000	546 gCO2/kWh
2001	507 gCO2/kWh
2002	593 gCO2/kWh
2003	485 gCO2/kWh
2004	541 gCO2/kWh
2005	596 gCO2/kWh
2006	504 gCO2/kWh
2007	472 gCO2/kWh
2008	472 gCO2/kWh
2009	453 gCO2/kWh
2010	317 gCO2/kWh
2011	375 gCO2/kWh
2012	441 gCO2/kWh
2013	340 gCO2/kWh
2014	326 gCO2/kWh
2015	414 gCO2/kWh
2016	344 gCO2/kWh
2017	434 gCO2/kWh
2018	359 gCO2/kWh
2019	301 gCO2/kWh
2020	248 gCO2/kWh
2021	211 gCO2/kWh
2022	225 gCO2/kWh
2023	158 gCO2/kWh
2024	111 gCO2/kWh
2025	128 gCO2/kWh

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Every Year

Year	Generation	Demand	Net imports	Carbon intensity	Low carbon share
2025	51.1 TWh	60.4 TWh	9.29 TWh	128 gCO2/kWh	80.9%
2024	47.3 TWh	57.8 TWh	10.5 TWh	111 gCO2/kWh	85.2%
2023	46.1 TWh	56.4 TWh	10.2 TWh	158 gCO2/kWh	74.5%
2022	46.3 TWh	55.6 TWh	9.25 TWh	225 gCO2/kWh	59.6%
2021	49.2 TWh	54.0 TWh	4.75 TWh	211 gCO2/kWh	64.1%
2020	51.4 TWh	52.9 TWh	1.46 TWh	248 gCO2/kWh	58.6%
2019	51.6 TWh	55.0 TWh	3.40 TWh	301 gCO2/kWh	53.1%
2018	58.4 TWh	55.7 TWh	-2.66 TWh	359 gCO2/kWh	50.4%
2017	57.6 TWh	54.9 TWh	-2.68 TWh	434 gCO2/kWh	39.2%
2016	59.1 TWh	54.0 TWh	-5.09 TWh	344 gCO2/kWh	54.7%
2015	51.1 TWh	53.4 TWh	2.27 TWh	414 gCO2/kWh	47.6%
2014	51.8 TWh	52.7 TWh	900 GWh	326 gCO2/kWh	60.9%
2013	50.4 TWh	53.1 TWh	2.78 TWh	340 gCO2/kWh	58.5%
2012	45.4 TWh	53.3 TWh	7.89 TWh	441 gCO2/kWh	42.6%
2011	51.8 TWh	54.6 TWh	2.81 TWh	375 gCO2/kWh	46.6%
2010	53.5 TWh	56.1 TWh	2.62 TWh	317 gCO2/kWh	53.0%
2009	49.4 TWh	54.2 TWh	4.78 TWh	453 gCO2/kWh	37.0%
2008	45.3 TWh	54.8 TWh	9.43 TWh	472 gCO2/kWh	32.3%
2007	46.7 TWh	54.2 TWh	7.49 TWh	472 gCO2/kWh	34.7%
2006	48.4 TWh	53.8 TWh	5.44 TWh	504 gCO2/kWh	32.5%
2005	46.0 TWh	52.8 TWh	6.82 TWh	596 gCO2/kWh	17.9%
2004	44.7 TWh	51.2 TWh	6.48 TWh	541 gCO2/kWh	27.6%
2003	46.4 TWh	49.2 TWh	2.79 TWh	485 gCO2/kWh	38.2%
2002	45.6 TWh	47.5 TWh	1.90 TWh	593 gCO2/kWh	21.4%
2001	46.1 TWh	46.3 TWh	240 GWh	507 gCO2/kWh	34.2%
2000	43.2 TWh	44.1 TWh	930 GWh	546 gCO2/kWh	29.8%
1999	42.7 TWh	41.9 TWh	-860 GWh	607 gCO2/kWh	20.2%
1998	38.8 TWh	39.0 TWh	270 GWh	515 gCO2/kWh	36.5%
1997	33.9 TWh	36.8 TWh	2.90 TWh	513 gCO2/kWh	42.0%
1996	34.2 TWh	35.3 TWh	1.11 TWh	482 gCO2/kWh	46.2%
1995	32.9 TWh	33.8 TWh	910 GWh	607 gCO2/kWh	28.5%
1994	31.1 TWh	32.0 TWh	890 GWh	540 gCO2/kWh	37.4%
1993	30.8 TWh	31.0 TWh	170 GWh	582 gCO2/kWh	30.6%
1992	29.5 TWh	30.8 TWh	1.34 TWh	650 gCO2/kWh	18.6%
1991	29.7 TWh	29.8 TWh	90.0 GWh	553 gCO2/kWh	33.1%
1990	28.3 TWh	28.4 TWh	40.0 GWh	540 gCO2/kWh	34.7%

Share of Generation by Source

Percent of total generation

Year	Coal	Gas	Other fossil	Hydro	Wind	Solar	Bioenergy	Other renewables
2025	0.0%	16.5%	2.6%	29.7%	26.8%	17.3%	6.6%	0.4%
2024	0.0%	11.9%	2.9%	31.5%	30.4%	15.0%	7.9%	0.4%
2023	0.0%	22.6%	3.0%	26.1%	28.5%	11.2%	8.2%	0.5%
2022	0.0%	37.5%	2.9%	14.1%	28.6%	7.6%	8.9%	0.4%
2021	1.6%	31.6%	2.7%	24.2%	26.8%	4.6%	8.1%	0.4%
2020	4.6%	34.3%	2.6%	23.5%	23.9%	3.4%	7.4%	0.4%
2019	10.7%	33.5%	2.7%	17.1%	26.5%	2.6%	6.5%	0.4%
2018	20.6%	26.8%	2.3%	21.2%	21.6%	1.7%	5.4%	0.4%
2017	25.5%	32.8%	2.5%	10.2%	21.3%	1.7%	5.6%	0.4%
2016	21.4%	21.3%	2.6%	26.6%	21.1%	1.5%	5.2%	0.3%
2015	28.8%	20.7%	2.9%	16.9%	22.7%	1.6%	6.1%	0.4%
2014	23.1%	13.2%	2.8%	30.1%	23.4%	1.2%	5.9%	0.4%
2013	23.5%	14.4%	3.6%	27.3%	23.9%	1.0%	6.1%	0.4%
2012	28.8%	23.5%	5.1%	12.4%	22.6%	0.9%	6.5%	0.3%
2011	19.0%	28.8%	5.6%	22.3%	17.7%	0.5%	5.6%	0.4%
2010	13.3%	27.9%	5.9%	30.2%	17.2%	0.4%	4.9%	0.4%
2009	26.1%	29.8%	7.1%	16.8%	15.4%	0.3%	4.2%	0.4%
2008	24.7%	33.5%	9.5%	15.0%	12.7%	0.1%	4.1%	0.4%
2007	26.6%	28.1%	10.7%	21.6%	8.7%	0.0%	4.0%	0.4%
2006	30.9%	25.5%	11.1%	22.7%	6.1%	0.0%	3.5%	0.2%
2005	33.1%	29.6%	19.4%	10.3%	3.9%	0.0%	3.7%	0.2%
2004	33.3%	26.2%	13.0%	22.1%	1.8%	0.0%	3.5%	0.2%
2003	31.3%	16.7%	13.8%	33.9%	1.1%	0.0%	3.0%	0.2%
2002	33.4%	19.9%	25.4%	17.1%	0.8%	0.0%	3.2%	0.2%
2001	29.6%	15.7%	20.6%	30.5%	0.6%	0.0%	2.9%	0.2%
2000	33.8%	16.5%	19.9%	26.2%	0.4%	0.0%	3.0%	0.2%
1999	35.2%	18.9%	25.7%	17.0%	0.3%	0.0%	2.7%	0.2%
1998	30.9%	5.2%	27.4%	33.5%	0.2%	0.0%	2.6%	0.2%
1997	38.2%	0.3%	19.5%	38.7%	0.1%	0.0%	3.1%	0.2%
1996	36.7%	0.0%	17.2%	43.1%	0.1%	0.0%	2.8%	0.2%
1995	40.8%	0.0%	30.8%	25.3%	0.1%	0.0%	3.0%	0.1%
1994	37.2%	0.0%	25.5%	34.2%	0.1%	0.0%	3.0%	0.1%
1993	36.9%	0.0%	32.5%	27.6%	0.0%	0.0%	2.9%	0.0%
1992	34.5%	0.0%	46.9%	15.6%	0.0%	0.0%	3.0%	0.0%
1991	32.8%	0.0%	34.1%	30.4%	0.0%	0.0%	2.7%	0.0%
1990	32.0%	0.0%	33.3%	32.3%	0.0%	0.0%	2.4%	0.0%

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.

Cite this page

APA 7

World Power Monitor. (2025). Portugal Electricity History, 1990 to 2025. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/portugal/history/

Plain text

World Power Monitor. Portugal Electricity History, 1990 to 2025. Data as of 2025. Data from Ember. https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/portugal/history/

BibTeX

@misc{wpm_countries_portugal_history_2025,
  title = {{Portugal Electricity History, 1990 to 2025}},
  author = {{World Power Monitor}},
  year = {2025},
  note = {Data as of 2025. Data from Ember.},
  url = {https://worldpowermonitor.com/countries/portugal/history/}
}

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