Germany Electricity History, 1985 to 2025

Germany generated 28.0 TWh of electricity in 1985 and 497 TWh in 2025. Germany's electricity demand peaked at 615 TWh in 2007. The carbon intensity of Germany's electricity went from 431 gCO2/kWh in 1985 to 334 gCO2/kWh in 2025. Figures are Ember annual statistics; Ember's series for Germany starts in 1985.

Key Facts

Germany generated 28.0 TWh of electricity in 1985 and 497 TWh in 2025.
Germany's electricity demand peaked at 615 TWh in 2007.
The carbon intensity of Germany's electricity went from 431 gCO2/kWh in 1985 to 334 gCO2/kWh in 2025.
Germany's lowest carbon intensity on record was 334 gCO2/kWh, in 2025.
Gas's share of Germany's electricity went from 100.0% in 1985 to 16.8% in 2025, the largest change of any source.

Generation and Demand

1985 to 2025, TWh

Germany generated 28.0 TWh of electricity in 1985 and 497 TWh in 2025.

Annual statistics through 2025, TWh

Germany electricity generation and demand, 1985 to 2025
Year	Generation	Demand
1985	28.0 TWh	28.0 TWh
1986	29.8 TWh	29.8 TWh
1987	33.0 TWh	33.0 TWh
1988	33.1 TWh	33.1 TWh
1989	38.6 TWh	38.6 TWh
1990	542 TWh	543 TWh
1991	536 TWh	535 TWh
1992	534 TWh	528 TWh
1993	521 TWh	522 TWh
1994	521 TWh	523 TWh
1995	531 TWh	536 TWh
1996	548 TWh	543 TWh
1997	546 TWh	544 TWh
1998	549 TWh	549 TWh
1999	549 TWh	550 TWh
2000	569 TWh	572 TWh
2001	579 TWh	583 TWh
2002	584 TWh	594 TWh
2003	602 TWh	599 TWh
2004	610 TWh	607 TWh
2005	613 TWh	609 TWh
2006	630 TWh	613 TWh
2007	631 TWh	615 TWh
2008	632 TWh	612 TWh
2009	588 TWh	576 TWh
2010	624 TWh	609 TWh
2011	605 TWh	601 TWh
2012	620 TWh	599 TWh
2013	630 TWh	598 TWh
2014	619 TWh	585 TWh
2015	639 TWh	591 TWh
2016	642 TWh	591 TWh
2017	644 TWh	592 TWh
2018	632 TWh	584 TWh
2019	600 TWh	567 TWh
2020	567 TWh	548 TWh
2021	579 TWh	560 TWh
2022	567 TWh	540 TWh
2023	507 TWh	516 TWh
2024	492 TWh	518 TWh
2025	497 TWh	517 TWh

Carbon Intensity

gCO2 per kWh generated

The carbon intensity of Germany's electricity went from 431 gCO2/kWh in 1985 to 334 gCO2/kWh in 2025.

Annual statistics through 2025

Germany carbon intensity of electricity, 1985 to 2025
Year	Carbon intensity
1985	431 gCO2/kWh
1986	431 gCO2/kWh
1987	431 gCO2/kWh
1988	431 gCO2/kWh
1989	431 gCO2/kWh
1990	622 gCO2/kWh
1991	628 gCO2/kWh
1992	605 gCO2/kWh
1993	608 gCO2/kWh
1994	604 gCO2/kWh
1995	596 gCO2/kWh
1996	591 gCO2/kWh
1997	575 gCO2/kWh
1998	587 gCO2/kWh
1999	566 gCO2/kWh
2000	573 gCO2/kWh
2001	565 gCO2/kWh
2002	570 gCO2/kWh
2003	570 gCO2/kWh
2004	555 gCO2/kWh
2005	546 gCO2/kWh
2006	536 gCO2/kWh
2007	552 gCO2/kWh
2008	525 gCO2/kWh
2009	522 gCO2/kWh
2010	517 gCO2/kWh
2011	530 gCO2/kWh
2012	534 gCO2/kWh
2013	538 gCO2/kWh
2014	522 gCO2/kWh
2015	504 gCO2/kWh
2016	498 gCO2/kWh
2017	470 gCO2/kWh
2018	455 gCO2/kWh
2019	392 gCO2/kWh
2020	356 gCO2/kWh
2021	395 gCO2/kWh
2022	420 gCO2/kWh
2023	364 gCO2/kWh
2024	340 gCO2/kWh
2025	334 gCO2/kWh

Every Year

Year	Generation	Demand	Net imports	Carbon intensity	Low carbon share
2025	497 TWh	517 TWh	19.5 TWh	334 gCO2/kWh	58.5%
2024	492 TWh	518 TWh	26.3 TWh	340 gCO2/kWh	58.3%
2023	507 TWh	516 TWh	9.22 TWh	364 gCO2/kWh	56.1%
2022	567 TWh	540 TWh	-27.3 TWh	420 gCO2/kWh	50.5%
2021	579 TWh	560 TWh	-18.6 TWh	395 gCO2/kWh	52.1%
2020	567 TWh	548 TWh	-19.0 TWh	356 gCO2/kWh	55.7%
2019	600 TWh	567 TWh	-32.7 TWh	392 gCO2/kWh	52.7%
2018	632 TWh	584 TWh	-48.7 TWh	455 gCO2/kWh	47.3%
2017	644 TWh	592 TWh	-52.5 TWh	470 gCO2/kWh	45.3%
2016	642 TWh	591 TWh	-50.5 TWh	498 gCO2/kWh	42.7%
2015	639 TWh	591 TWh	-48.3 TWh	504 gCO2/kWh	43.8%
2014	619 TWh	585 TWh	-33.9 TWh	522 gCO2/kWh	41.9%
2013	630 TWh	598 TWh	-32.2 TWh	538 gCO2/kWh	39.6%
2012	620 TWh	599 TWh	-20.5 TWh	534 gCO2/kWh	39.2%
2011	605 TWh	601 TWh	-3.77 TWh	530 gCO2/kWh	38.4%
2010	624 TWh	609 TWh	-15.0 TWh	517 gCO2/kWh	39.4%
2009	588 TWh	576 TWh	-12.3 TWh	522 gCO2/kWh	39.3%
2008	632 TWh	612 TWh	-20.1 TWh	525 gCO2/kWh	38.4%
2007	631 TWh	615 TWh	-16.6 TWh	552 gCO2/kWh	36.4%
2006	630 TWh	613 TWh	-17.0 TWh	536 gCO2/kWh	38.1%
2005	613 TWh	609 TWh	-4.57 TWh	546 gCO2/kWh	36.9%
2004	610 TWh	607 TWh	-2.62 TWh	555 gCO2/kWh	36.9%
2003	602 TWh	599 TWh	-3.27 TWh	570 gCO2/kWh	35.2%
2002	584 TWh	594 TWh	10.0 TWh	570 gCO2/kWh	35.9%
2001	579 TWh	583 TWh	3.66 TWh	565 gCO2/kWh	36.1%
2000	569 TWh	572 TWh	3.06 TWh	573 gCO2/kWh	36.0%
1999	549 TWh	550 TWh	1.04 TWh	566 gCO2/kWh	36.2%
1998	549 TWh	549 TWh	-640 GWh	587 gCO2/kWh	34.0%
1997	546 TWh	544 TWh	-2.35 TWh	575 gCO2/kWh	35.4%
1996	548 TWh	543 TWh	-5.27 TWh	591 gCO2/kWh	34.0%
1995	531 TWh	536 TWh	4.82 TWh	596 gCO2/kWh	33.7%
1994	521 TWh	523 TWh	2.34 TWh	604 gCO2/kWh	33.4%
1993	521 TWh	522 TWh	870 GWh	608 gCO2/kWh	33.4%
1992	534 TWh	528 TWh	-5.32 TWh	605 gCO2/kWh	33.4%
1991	536 TWh	535 TWh	-570 GWh	628 gCO2/kWh	30.6%
1990	542 TWh	543 TWh	930 GWh	622 gCO2/kWh	31.6%
1989	38.6 TWh	38.6 TWh	n/a	431 gCO2/kWh	0.0%
1988	33.1 TWh	33.1 TWh	n/a	431 gCO2/kWh	0.0%
1987	33.0 TWh	33.0 TWh	n/a	431 gCO2/kWh	0.0%
1986	29.8 TWh	29.8 TWh	n/a	431 gCO2/kWh	0.0%
1985	28.0 TWh	28.0 TWh	n/a	431 gCO2/kWh	0.0%

Share of Generation by Source

Percent of total generation

Year	Coal	Gas	Other fossil	Nuclear	Hydro	Wind	Solar	Bioenergy	Other renewables
2025	21.0%	16.8%	3.8%	0.0%	3.7%	26.6%	18.1%	10.1%	0.1%
2024	21.6%	15.9%	4.2%	0.0%	4.8%	27.9%	15.1%	10.4%	0.0%
2023	24.6%	15.1%	4.1%	1.4%	4.2%	27.7%	12.6%	10.1%	0.0%
2022	31.7%	13.9%	3.8%	6.1%	3.1%	22.0%	10.6%	8.6%	0.0%
2021	28.4%	15.6%	3.8%	11.9%	3.4%	19.7%	8.5%	8.5%	0.0%
2020	23.8%	16.8%	3.8%	11.4%	3.3%	23.3%	8.7%	9.0%	0.0%
2019	28.6%	15.0%	3.7%	12.5%	3.3%	21.0%	7.5%	8.4%	0.0%
2018	36.1%	12.9%	3.7%	12.0%	2.8%	17.4%	7.0%	8.0%	0.0%
2017	37.4%	13.4%	3.9%	11.8%	3.1%	16.4%	6.0%	7.9%	0.0%
2016	40.8%	12.6%	4.0%	13.2%	3.2%	12.5%	5.9%	7.9%	0.0%
2015	42.6%	9.6%	4.0%	14.4%	3.0%	12.6%	6.0%	7.9%	0.0%
2014	44.4%	9.8%	4.0%	15.7%	3.2%	9.5%	5.7%	7.8%	0.0%
2013	45.8%	10.6%	4.0%	15.5%	3.7%	8.4%	4.9%	7.2%	0.0%
2012	44.6%	12.3%	4.0%	16.1%	3.5%	8.3%	4.3%	7.0%	0.0%
2011	43.4%	14.2%	4.0%	17.9%	2.9%	8.2%	3.3%	6.1%	0.0%
2010	42.1%	14.2%	4.3%	22.5%	3.4%	6.2%	1.9%	5.4%	0.0%
2009	43.1%	13.7%	4.0%	23.0%	3.2%	6.7%	1.1%	5.3%	0.0%
2008	43.5%	14.0%	4.1%	23.5%	3.2%	6.5%	0.7%	4.4%	0.0%
2007	47.1%	12.3%	4.2%	22.3%	3.4%	6.4%	0.5%	3.9%	0.0%
2006	45.9%	11.9%	4.2%	26.5%	3.2%	5.0%	0.4%	3.0%	0.0%
2005	47.0%	11.8%	4.3%	26.6%	3.2%	4.5%	0.2%	2.4%	0.0%
2004	49.0%	10.3%	3.8%	27.4%	3.4%	4.3%	0.1%	1.7%	0.0%
2003	50.6%	10.4%	3.8%	27.4%	3.0%	3.2%	0.1%	1.5%	0.0%
2002	51.3%	9.6%	3.2%	28.2%	4.0%	2.7%	0.0%	0.9%	0.0%
2001	50.7%	9.6%	3.5%	29.6%	3.9%	1.8%	0.0%	0.8%	0.0%
2000	52.1%	8.7%	3.2%	29.8%	3.8%	1.6%	0.0%	0.8%	0.0%
1999	51.2%	9.4%	3.2%	31.0%	3.6%	1.0%	0.0%	0.6%	0.0%
1998	53.2%	9.2%	3.6%	29.4%	3.1%	0.8%	0.0%	0.6%	0.0%
1997	52.0%	8.8%	3.8%	31.2%	3.2%	0.6%	0.0%	0.5%	0.0%
1996	54.0%	8.3%	3.7%	29.2%	4.0%	0.4%	0.0%	0.5%	0.0%
1995	54.5%	7.7%	4.0%	28.9%	4.1%	0.3%	0.0%	0.5%	0.0%
1994	55.7%	6.9%	3.9%	28.9%	3.8%	0.3%	0.0%	0.4%	0.0%
1993	56.3%	6.3%	4.0%	29.4%	3.4%	0.1%	0.0%	0.4%	0.0%
1992	55.4%	6.2%	5.0%	29.8%	3.3%	0.1%	0.0%	0.4%	0.0%
1991	57.4%	6.8%	5.2%	27.5%	2.8%	0.0%	0.0%	0.4%	0.0%
1990	57.2%	6.6%	4.6%	28.1%	3.2%	0.0%	0.0%	0.3%	0.0%
1989	n/a	100.0%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
1988	n/a	100.0%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
1987	n/a	100.0%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
1986	n/a	100.0%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
1985	n/a	100.0%	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a

Source: Ember (ember-energy.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data as of 2025.